在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装 CUDA（未满足的依赖项）

Question

我是 Ubuntu 的新手，正在尝试在其上安装 CUDA。我就是做不到。

我安装了 Nvidia R390 驱动程序（这很麻烦）。

然后我按照以下说明操作：

http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html

当我点击 sudo apt-get install cuda

以下错误弹出：

     Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
    The following packages have unmet dependencies:
     cuda-cublas-dev-9-1 : Depends: cuda-cublas-9-1 (>= 9.1.85.3) but it is not installed
     cuda-cufft-dev-9-1 : Depends: cuda-cufft-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
     cuda-curand-dev-9-1 : Depends: cuda-curand-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
     cuda-cusolver-dev-9-1 : Depends: cuda-cusolver-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
     cuda-cusparse-dev-9-1 : Depends: cuda-cusparse-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
     cuda-libraries-9-1 : Depends: cuda-nvrtc-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
                          Depends: cuda-nvgraph-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
                          Depends: cuda-cusolver-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
                          Depends: cuda-cublas-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
                          Depends: cuda-cufft-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
                          Depends: cuda-curand-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
                          Depends: cuda-cusparse-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
                          Depends: cuda-npp-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
     cuda-npp-dev-9-1 : Depends: cuda-npp-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
     cuda-nvgraph-dev-9-1 : Depends: cuda-nvgraph-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
     cuda-nvrtc-dev-9-1 : Depends: cuda-nvrtc-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
     cuda-toolkit-9-1 : Depends: cuda-nvml-dev-9-1 (>= 9.1.85) but it is not installed
     cuda-visual-tools-9-1 : Depends: cuda-nvml-dev-9-1 but it is not installed
    E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

所以我使用sudo apt-get -f install，但出现以下错误：

Preparing to unpack .../cuda-nvrtc-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-nvrtc-9-1 (9.1.85-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-nvrtc-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/local/cuda-9.1/lib64', which is also in package cuda-cudart-9-1 9.1.85-1
Preparing to unpack .../cuda-cusolver-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-cusolver-9-1 (9.1.85-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-cusolver-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/local/cuda-9.1/lib64', which is also in package cuda-cudart-9-1 9.1.85-1
Preparing to unpack .../cuda-cublas-9-1_9.1.85.3-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-cublas-9-1 (9.1.85.3-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-cublas-9-1_9.1.85.3-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/local/cuda-9.1/lib64', which is also in package cuda-cudart-9-1 9.1.85-1
Preparing to unpack .../cuda-cufft-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-cufft-9-1 (9.1.85-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-cufft-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/local/cuda-9.1/lib64', which is also in package cuda-cudart-9-1 9.1.85-1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Preparing to unpack .../cuda-curand-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-curand-9-1 (9.1.85-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-curand-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/local/cuda-9.1/lib64', which is also in package cuda-cudart-9-1 9.1.85-1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Preparing to unpack .../cuda-cusparse-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-cusparse-9-1 (9.1.85-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-cusparse-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/local/cuda-9.1/lib64', which is also in package cuda-cudart-9-1 9.1.85-1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Preparing to unpack .../cuda-npp-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-npp-9-1 (9.1.85-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-npp-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/local/cuda-9.1/lib64', which is also in package cuda-cudart-9-1 9.1.85-1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Preparing to unpack .../cuda-nvml-dev-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-nvml-dev-9-1 (9.1.85-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-nvml-dev-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/local/cuda-9.1/lib64', which is also in package cuda-cudart-9-1 9.1.85-1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Preparing to unpack .../cuda-nvgraph-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cuda-nvgraph-9-1 (9.1.85-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-nvgraph-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/local/cuda-9.1/lib64', which is also in package cuda-cudart-9-1 9.1.85-1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-nvrtc-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-cusolver-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-cublas-9-1_9.1.85.3-1_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-cufft-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-curand-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-cusparse-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-npp-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-nvml-dev-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/cuda-nvgraph-9-1_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

有人可以帮忙吗？我的想法不多了。谢谢！

Answer 1

• 从here下载最新版本

• 然后停止你的 X 显示管理器（lightdm 是 ubuntu 的默认设置）

  sudo service lightdm stop
  

• 安装显示驱动程序（推荐）和 CUDA 工具包

  sudo chmod +x  cuda_9.0_linux.run
  sudo ./cuda_9.0_linux.run
  

• POST-INSTALL（将这些行添加到 .bashrc 文件的末尾）

  export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda-9.0
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${CUDA_HOME}/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  
  PATH=${CUDA_HOME}/bin:${PATH} 
  export PATH 
  

• CUDNN 安装（可选）

  从HERE获取 CUDNN 资料

  tar -xzvf cudnn-X.Y.tgz
  cd cudnn-X.Y/cuda
  sudo cp -r * /usr/local/cuda-9.0
  sudo ldconfig
  

  请记住检查您要安装的 tensorflow 版本支持哪些版本的 cuda 和 cudnn。 （例如 cuda9.0，cudnn7 用于 tensorflow 1.7，这是我写这个答案时的最新版本）

Answer 2

我没有复制问题，但您的跟踪表明 /boot 分区空间不足。尝试清除一些旧内核，然后重新运行该命令。您的安装应该会正常恢复。我希望这会有所帮助:)