从图书馆目录中抓取信息

Question

我正在开展一个项目，以从特定图书馆抓取书籍的目录信息。到目前为止，我的脚本可以从表格中刮掉所有单元格。但是，我对如何只返回新不列颠图书馆的特定单元格感到困惑。

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

mypage = 'http://lci-mt.iii.com/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1872125__S%28*%29%20f%3Aa%20c%3A47__P0%2C3__Orightresult__U__X6?lang=eng&suite=cobalt'
response = requests.get(mypage)

soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

data = []
table = soup.find('table', attrs={'class':'itemTable'})


rows = table.find_all('tr')
for row in rows:
    cols = row.find_all('td')
    cols = [ele.text.strip() for ele in cols]
    data.append([ele for ele in cols if ele]) # Get rid of empty values

for index, libraryinfo in enumerate(data):
    print(index, libraryinfo)

以下是脚本中新不列颠图书馆的示例输出：

["New Britain, Main Library - Children's Department", 'J FIC PALACIO', 'Check Shelf']

与其归还所有单元格，我将如何仅归还与新不列颠图书馆有关的单元格？我也只想要库名称和结帐状态。

期望的输出是：

["New Britain, Main Library - Children's Department", 'Check Shelf']

可以有多个单元格，因为一本书可以在同一个图书馆有多个副本。

Answer 1

为了简单地根据特定字段（示例中的第一个字段）过滤掉数据，您可以构建一个理解：

[element for element in data if 'New Britain' in element[0]]

您提供的示例消除了使数据元素具有不同大小的空值。这使得更难知道哪个字段对应于每个数据组件。使用 dicts 我们可以使数据更易于理解和处理。

某些字段内部似乎有空块（只有类似空格的字符 ['\n'、'\r'、'\t'、' ']）。所以 strip 不会删除那些。将它与一个简单的正则表达式结合起来可以帮助改善这一点。我写了一个简单的函数来做到这一点：

def squish(s):
    return re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', s)

总结一下，我相信这会对你有所帮助：

import re

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


def squish(s):
    return re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', s)


def filter_by_location(data, location_name):
    return [x for x in data if location_name.lower() in x['Location'].lower()]


mypage = 'http://lci-mt.iii.com/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1872125__S%28*%29%20f%3Aa%20c%3A47__P0%2C3__Orightresult__U__X6?lang=eng&suite=cobalt'
response = requests.get(mypage)

soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

data = []
table = soup.find('table', attrs={'class':'itemTable'})

headers = [squish(element.text.strip()) for element in table.find('tr').find_all('th')]

for row in table.find_all('tr')[1:]:
    cols = [squish(element.text.strip()) for element in row.find_all('td')]
    data.append({k:v for k, v in zip(headers, cols)})

filtered_data = filter_by_location(data, 'New Britain')
for x in filtered_data:
    print('Location: {}'.format(x['Location']))
    print('Status: {}'.format(x['Status']))
    print()

运行它我得到了以下结果：

Location: New Britain, Jefferson Branch - Children's Department
Status: Check Shelf

Location: New Britain, Main Library - Children's Department
Status: Check Shelf

Location: New Britain, Main Library - Children's Department
Status: Check Shelf

Answer 2

过滤掉不涉及新不列颠的行只需要检查cols（即cols[0]）的第一个元素是否具有库的名称。

仅获取库名称和签出状态很简单。您只需要访问cols 的第一个和第三个元素（即[cols[0], cols[2]]），因为它们分别具有库名称和签出状态。

您可以尝试将data.append([ele for ele in cols if ele]) 替换为以下内容。

# We gotta do this to skip empty rows.
if len(cols) == 0:
    continue

if 'New Britain' in cols[0]:
    data.append([cols[0], cols[2]])

您的代码将如下所示：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

mypage = 'http://lci-mt.iii.com/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1872125__S%28*%29%20f%3Aa%20c%3A47__P0%2C3__Orightresult__U__X6?lang=eng&suite=cobalt'
response = requests.get(mypage)

soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

data = []
table = soup.find('table', attrs={'class':'itemTable'})

rows = table.find_all('tr')
for row in rows:
    cols = row.find_all('td')
    cols = [ele.text.strip() for ele in cols]

    if len(cols) == 0:
        continue

    if 'New Britain' in cols[0]:
        data.append([cols[0], cols[2]])

for index, libraryinfo in enumerate(data):
    print(index, libraryinfo)

输出：

0 ["New Britain, Jefferson Branch - Children's Department", 'Check Shelf']
1 ["New Britain, Main Library - Children's Department", 'Check Shelf']
2 ["New Britain, Main Library - Children's Department", 'Check Shelf']

Answer 3

试试这个以获得想要的内容：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

URL = "http://lci-mt.iii.com/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1872125__S%28*%29%20f%3Aa%20c%3A47__P0%2C3__Orightresult__U__X6?lang=eng&suite=cobalt"

res = requests.get(URL)
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,"lxml")
for items in soup.find("table",class_="itemTable").find_all("tr"):
    if "New Britain" in items.text:
        data = items.find_all("td")
        name = data[0].a.get_text(strip=True)
        status = data[2].get_text(strip=True)
        print(name,status)

输出：

New Britain, Jefferson Branch - Children's Department Check Shelf
New Britain, Main Library - Children's Department Check Shelf
New Britain, Main Library - Children's Department Check Shelf