如何使用 Python 脚本下载完整的网页？

Question

目前我有一个脚本只能下载给定页面的HTML。

现在我想下载网页的所有文件，包括HTML、CSS、JS 和图片文件（就像我们使用任何网站的 ctrl-s 一样）。

我当前的代码是：

import urllib
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29"
urllib.urlretrieve(url, "t3.html")

我访问了很多问题，但他们都只下载HTML。

Answer 1

试试 Python 库 Scrapy。您可以对 Scrapy 进行编程，通过下载网页、扫描、以下链接来递归扫描网站：

用于从网站中提取所需数据的开源协作框架。以一种快速、简单但可扩展的方式。

Answer 2

以下实现使您能够获取子 HTML 网站。它可以进一步开发以获得您需要的其他文件。我坐在depth 变量中为您设置要解析的最大子网站。

import urllib2
from BeautifulSoup import *
from urlparse import urljoin


def crawl(pages, depth=None):
    indexed_url = [] # a list for the main and sub-HTML websites in the main website
    for i in range(depth):
        for page in pages:
            if page not in indexed_url:
                indexed_url.append(page)
                try:
                    c = urllib2.urlopen(page)
                except:
                    print "Could not open %s" % page
                    continue
                soup = BeautifulSoup(c.read())
                links = soup('a') #finding all the sub_links
                for link in links:
                    if 'href' in dict(link.attrs):
                        url = urljoin(page, link['href'])
                        if url.find("'") != -1:
                                continue
                        url = url.split('#')[0] 
                        if url[0:4] == 'http':
                                indexed_url.append(url)
        pages = indexed_url
    return indexed_url


pagelist=["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29"]
urls = crawl(pagelist, depth=2)
print urls

Python3 版本，2019 年。希望这可以为某人节省一些时间：

#!/usr/bin/env python


import urllib.request as urllib2
from bs4 import *
from urllib.parse  import urljoin


def crawl(pages, depth=None):
    indexed_url = [] # a list for the main and sub-HTML websites in the main website
    for i in range(depth):
        for page in pages:
            if page not in indexed_url:
                indexed_url.append(page)
                try:
                    c = urllib2.urlopen(page)
                except:
                    print( "Could not open %s" % page)
                    continue
                soup = BeautifulSoup(c.read())
                links = soup('a') #finding all the sub_links
                for link in links:
                    if 'href' in dict(link.attrs):
                        url = urljoin(page, link['href'])
                        if url.find("'") != -1:
                                continue
                        url = url.split('#')[0] 
                        if url[0:4] == 'http':
                                indexed_url.append(url)
        pages = indexed_url
    return indexed_url


pagelist=["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29"]
urls = crawl(pagelist, depth=1)
print( urls )

Answer 3

您可以使用简单的 python 库pywebcopy轻松做到这一点。

对于当前版本：5.0.1

from pywebcopy import save_webpage

url = 'http://some-site.com/some-page.html'
download_folder = '/path/to/downloads/'    

kwargs = {'bypass_robots': True, 'project_name': 'recognisable-name'}

save_webpage(url, download_folder, **kwargs)

您的下载文件夹中将包含 html、css、js。完全像原始网站一样工作。

Answer 4

使用 Python 3+ Requests 和其他标准库。

函数savePage 接收requests.Response 和pagefilename 保存它的位置。

• 将pagefilename.html保存在当前文件夹中
• 根据标签script、link和img下载javascripts、css和images，并保存在文件夹pagefilename_files中。
• 任何异常都打印在sys.stderr 上，返回一个BeautifulSoup 对象。
• 请求session 必须是全局变量，除非有人在这里为我们编写了更简洁的代码。

您可以根据自己的需要进行调整。

---

import os, sys
import requests
from urllib.parse import urljoin
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def soupfindAllnSave(pagefolder, url, soup, tag2find='img', inner='src'):
    if not os.path.exists(pagefolder): # create only once
        os.mkdir(pagefolder)
    for res in soup.findAll(tag2find):   # images, css, etc..
        try:
            filename = os.path.basename(res[inner])  
            fileurl = urljoin(url, res.get(inner))
            # rename to saved file path
            # res[inner] # may or may not exist 
            filepath = os.path.join(pagefolder, filename)
            res[inner] = os.path.join(os.path.basename(pagefolder), filename)
            if not os.path.isfile(filepath): # was not downloaded
                with open(filepath, 'wb') as file:
                    filebin = session.get(fileurl)
                    file.write(filebin.content)
        except Exception as exc:      
            print(exc, file=sys.stderr)
    return soup

def savePage(response, pagefilename='page'):    
   url = response.url
   soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text)
   pagefolder = pagefilename+'_files' # page contents 
   soup = soupfindAllnSave(pagefolder, url, soup, 'img', inner='src')
   soup = soupfindAllnSave(pagefolder, url, soup, 'link', inner='href')
   soup = soupfindAllnSave(pagefolder, url, soup, 'script', inner='src')    
   with open(pagefilename+'.html', 'w') as file:
      file.write(soup.prettify())
   return soup

示例保存 google 页面及其内容（google_files 文件夹）

session = requests.Session()
#... whatever requests config you need here
response = session.get('https://www.google.com')
savePage(response, 'google')