如何解决此代码中的“TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'”？ [复制]

Question

我对 Python 比较陌生。我有这段代码，它使用 Hashtags 从 Twitter 中提取数据并将它们保存在 CSV 文件中。它在 Python 2.7 中运行良好，但是当我尝试在 Python 3 中运行它时，它给了我TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'，如下所示：

import json
import csv
import tweepy
import re
"""
INPUTS:
    consumer_key, consumer_secret, access_token, access_token_secret: codes 
    telling twitter that we are authorized to access this data
    hashtag_phrase: the combination of hashtags to search for
OUTPUTS:
    none, simply save the tweet info to a spreadsheet
"""
def search_for_hashtags(consumer_key, consumer_secret, access_token, access_token_secret, hashtag_phrase):
    
    #create authentication for accessing Twitter
    auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
    auth.set_access_token(access_token, access_token_secret)

    #initialize Tweepy API
    api = tweepy.API(auth)
    
    #get the name of the spreadsheet we will write to
    fname = '_'.join(re.findall(r"#(\w+)", hashtag_phrase))

    #open the spreadsheet we will write to
    with open('%s.csv' % (fname), 'wb') as file:

        w = csv.writer(file)

        #write header row to spreadsheet
        w.writerow(['timestamp', 'tweet_text', 'username', 'all_hashtags', 'followers_count'])

        #for each tweet matching our hashtags, write relevant info to the spreadsheet
        for tweet in tweepy.Cursor(api.search, q=hashtag_phrase+' -filter:retweets', \
                                   lang="en", tweet_mode='extended').items(100):
            w.writerow([tweet.created_at, tweet.full_text.replace('\n',' ').encode('utf-8'), tweet.user.screen_name.encode('utf-8'), [e['text'] for e in tweet._json['entities']['hashtags']], tweet.user.followers_count])
consumer_key = input('Consumer Key ')
consumer_secret = input('Consumer Secret ')
access_token = input('Access Token ')
access_token_secret = input('Access Token Secret ')
    
hashtag_phrase = input('Hashtag Phrase ')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    search_for_hashtags(consumer_key, consumer_secret, access_token, access_token_secret, hashtag_phrase)

Answer 1

尝试改变

with open('%s.csv' % (fname), 'wb') as file:

进入

with open('%s.csv' % (fname), 'w') as file: