Rake 给出了一堆警告，但最终有效答案

【问题标题】：Rake gives a pile of warnings, but eventually worksRake 给出了一堆警告，但最终有效
【发布时间】：2018-05-27 12:31:18
【问题描述】：

我不知道我的应用到底发生了什么，可能是因为最近运行了bundle install，但是每个rake 命令前面都有一堆警告。例如，运行rake db:migrate（我的项目在/railsProjects/matal-x下）：

/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:3: warning: already initialized constant Rake::VERSION
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:3: warning: previous definition of VERSION was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:6: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Version::MAJOR
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:6: warning: previous definition of MAJOR was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:6: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Version::MINOR
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:6: warning: previous definition of MINOR was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:6: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Version::BUILD
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:6: warning: previous definition of BUILD was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:6: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Version::OTHER
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:6: warning: previous definition of OTHER was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:8: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Version::NUMBERS
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/version.rb:8: warning: previous definition of NUMBERS was here
WARNING: Possible conflict with Rake extension: String#ext already exists
WARNING: Possible conflict with Rake extension: String#pathmap already exists
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/linked_list.rb:110: warning: already initialized constant Rake::LinkedList::EMPTY
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/linked_list.rb:110: warning: previous definition of EMPTY was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/scope.rb:41: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Scope::EMPTY
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/scope.rb:41: warning: previous definition of EMPTY was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_utils.rb:10: warning: already initialized constant FileUtils::RUBY
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_utils.rb:10: warning: previous definition of RUBY was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_utils.rb:109: warning: already initialized constant FileUtils::LN_SUPPORTED
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_utils.rb:109: warning: previous definition of LN_SUPPORTED was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_utils_ext.rb:17: warning: already initialized constant Rake::FileUtilsExt::DEFAULT
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_utils_ext.rb:17: warning: previous definition of DEFAULT was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:44: warning: already initialized constant Rake::FileList::ARRAY_METHODS
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:44: warning: previous definition of ARRAY_METHODS was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:47: warning: already initialized constant Rake::FileList::MUST_DEFINE
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:47: warning: previous definition of MUST_DEFINE was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:51: warning: already initialized constant Rake::FileList::MUST_NOT_DEFINE
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:51: warning: previous definition of MUST_NOT_DEFINE was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:55: warning: already initialized constant Rake::FileList::SPECIAL_RETURN
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:55: warning: previous definition of SPECIAL_RETURN was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:61: warning: already initialized constant Rake::FileList::DELEGATING_METHODS
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:61: warning: previous definition of DELEGATING_METHODS was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:86: warning: already initialized constant Rake::FileList::GLOB_PATTERN
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:86: warning: previous definition of GLOB_PATTERN was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:381: warning: already initialized constant Rake::FileList::DEFAULT_IGNORE_PATTERNS
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:381: warning: previous definition of DEFAULT_IGNORE_PATTERNS was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:387: warning: already initialized constant Rake::FileList::DEFAULT_IGNORE_PROCS
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/file_list.rb:387: warning: previous definition of DEFAULT_IGNORE_PROCS was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/promise.rb:12: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Promise::NOT_SET
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/promise.rb:12: warning: previous definition of NOT_SET was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/application.rb:13: warning: already initialized constant Rake::CommandLineOptionError
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/application.rb:13: warning: previous definition of CommandLineOptionError was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/application.rb:41: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Application::DEFAULT_RAKEFILES
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/application.rb:41: warning: previous definition of DEFAULT_RAKEFILES was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/task_arguments.rb:108: warning: already initialized constant Rake::EMPTY_TASK_ARGS
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/task_arguments.rb:108: warning: previous definition of EMPTY_TASK_ARGS was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/invocation_chain.rb:55: warning: already initialized constant Rake::InvocationChain::EMPTY
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/invocation_chain.rb:55: warning: previous definition of EMPTY was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/early_time.rb:21: warning: already initialized constant Rake::EARLY
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/early_time.rb:21: warning: previous definition of EARLY was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/late_time.rb:17: warning: already initialized constant Rake::LATE
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/late_time.rb:17: warning: previous definition of LATE was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/backtrace.rb:4: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Backtrace::SYS_KEYS
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/backtrace.rb:4: warning: previous definition of SYS_KEYS was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/backtrace.rb:5: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Backtrace::SYS_PATHS
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/backtrace.rb:5: warning: previous definition of SYS_PATHS was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/backtrace.rb:8: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Backtrace::SUPPRESSED_PATHS
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/backtrace.rb:8: warning: previous definition of SUPPRESSED_PATHS was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/backtrace.rb:12: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Backtrace::SUPPRESSED_PATHS_RE
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/backtrace.rb:12: warning: previous definition of SUPPRESSED_PATHS_RE was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/backtrace.rb:16: warning: already initialized constant Rake::Backtrace::SUPPRESS_PATTERN
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake/backtrace.rb:16: warning: previous definition of SUPPRESS_PATTERN was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake.rb:70: warning: already initialized constant FileList
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake.rb:70: warning: previous definition of FileList was here
/home/guy/railsProjects/matal-x/vendor/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake.rb:71: warning: already initialized constant RakeFileUtils
/home/guy/.rbenv/versions/2.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/lib/rake.rb:71: warning: previous definition of RakeFileUtils was here

最终命令正在运行（即列被添加到表中）但这很奇怪。

我在 ruby 2.1.1 上运行 Rails 4.2.5（使用 rbenv），所以看到 gem 安装在 2.1.0 下我有点惊讶，但我不确定这与我的问题有什么关系因为我很久没有更新我的 ruby 版本了。

我已经尝试使用 gem uninstall 删除 rake 然后重新安装，甚至拼命尝试 gem clean 现在没有任何效果。当我尝试运行 bundle install 或 bundle update 时，它什么也没做，即使我删除了 Gemfile.lock。

有什么想法吗？恢复到较旧的提交意味着大约两周的工作丢失或至少被重写。

【问题讨论】：

这是在开发环境中吗？确保应用不会急切加载并且不会缓存类
是的，这是开发环境。模型/控制器中的急切加载与它有什么关系？
如果你改为bundle exec rake task，你会得到错误吗？
我得到了类似的错误，这次是关于rb-readlineo_O

标签： ruby-on-rails ruby rake bundler rbenv

【解决方案1】：

不要运行rake，而是尝试bin/rake（假设您从项目的根目录开始）。如果 bin/rake 由于某种原因消失了，您可以在其他地方创建一个新的 Rails 项目并从那里复制它。

在 Rails 5 上，您还可以运行 rails test（或 bin/rails test）。

我认为这可能与最新版本的 bundler 有关，该版本进行了一些重大更改。您也可以将 bundler 恢复到 1.15.x（但我还没有测试过）。

【讨论】：

好吧，运行 bin/rake 没有错误，谢谢。我会尝试将 bundler 恢复到旧版本并报告。