不能安装导轨

Question

我有一个新的设置，当我尝试安装 rails 时不断收到错误消息。我使用 RVM 来使用 ruby​​ 2.2.2，并检查了配置文件。

我遵循了各种教程。我已经卸载了 gcc（虽然我可能会重新安装 xcode）

我已经阅读了有关如何安装它的各种教程 宝石安装导轨 [9:00:49] 构建原生扩展。这可能需要一段时间... 错误：安装导轨时出错： 错误：无法构建 gem 原生扩展。

    /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.2/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150812-28205-1wdgrip.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts -O2 -arch x86_64... yes
checking if the C compiler accepts -Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future... no
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
checking for gzdopen() in -lz... yes
checking for iconv... yes
************************************************************************
IMPORTANT NOTICE:

Building Nokogiri with a packaged version of libxml2-2.9.2
with the following patches applied:
    - 0001-Revert-Missing-initialization-for-the-catalog-module.patch
    - 0002-Fix-missing-entities-after-CVE-2014-3660-fix.patch

Team Nokogiri will keep on doing their best to provide security
updates in a timely manner, but if this is a concern for you and want
to use the system library instead; abort this installation process and
reinstall nokogiri as follows:

    gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries
        [--with-xml2-config=/path/to/xml2-config]
        [--with-xslt-config=/path/to/xslt-config]

If you are using Bundler, tell it to use the option:

    bundle config build.nokogiri --use-system-libraries
    bundle install

Note, however, that nokogiri is not fully compatible with arbitrary
versions of libxml2 provided by OS/package vendors.
************************************************************************
Extracting libxml2-2.9.2.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/ports/libxml2/2.9.2... OK
Running patch with /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxml2/0001-Revert-Missing-initialization-for-the-catalog-module.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Running patch with /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxml2/0002-Fix-missing-entities-after-CVE-2014-3660-fix.patch...
Running 'patch' for libxml2 2.9.2... OK
Running 'configure' for libxml2 2.9.2... ERROR, review '/Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ext/nokogiri/tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0/ports/libxml2/2.9.2/configure.log' to see what happened.
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.2/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --help
    --clean
    --use-system-libraries
    --enable-static
    --disable-static
    --with-zlib-dir
    --without-zlib-dir
    --with-zlib-include
    --without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
    --with-zlib-lib
    --without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
    --enable-cross-build
    --disable-cross-build
/Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2/gems/mini_portile-0.6.2/lib/mini_portile.rb:279:in `block in execute': Failed to complete configure task (RuntimeError)
    from /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2/gems/mini_portile-0.6.2/lib/mini_portile.rb:271:in `chdir'
    from /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2/gems/mini_portile-0.6.2/lib/mini_portile.rb:271:in `execute'
    from /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2/gems/mini_portile-0.6.2/lib/mini_portile.rb:66:in `configure'
    from /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2/gems/mini_portile-0.6.2/lib/mini_portile.rb:109:in `cook'
    from extconf.rb:278:in `block in process_recipe'
    from extconf.rb:177:in `tap'
    from extconf.rb:177:in `process_recipe'
    from extconf.rb:475:in `<main>'

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2/extensions/x86_64-darwin-14/2.2.0-static/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/gem_make.out

Answer 1

手动安装 nokogiri

gem install nokogiri -v VERSION_YOU_WANT -- --use-system-libraries

查看“nokogiri gem installation error”。

Answer 2

在运行 bundle install 之前，运行：

bundle config build.nokogiri --use-system-libraries

或

gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries

之后就可以运行了：

bundle install

其他错误请阅读Nokogiri install documentation。

Answer 3

我浏览了各种教程，我的输出如下所示：

Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150812-2574-6ejap3.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile

make "DESTDIR=" clean

make "DESTDIR="
compiling breakpoint.c
make: /usr/bin/gcc-4.2: No such file or directory
make: *** [breakpoint.o] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/byebug-5.0.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/rrobin008c/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/extensions/x86_64-darwin-14/2.2.0-static/byebug-5.0.0/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing byebug (5.0.0), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install byebug -v '5.0.0'` succeeds before bundling.

重要的部分是

make: /usr/bin/gcc-4.2: No such file or directory

之后我问：

$which gcc
/usr/bin/gcc

关注“OS X Mountain Lion: gcc-4.2 No such file or directory”，之后一切正常。

Answer 4

我会推荐跑步

brew doctor

rvm reinstall

rvm reinstall (ruby version here)

gem pristine all

sudo gem install rails

Answer 5

如果你遇到很多错误，最好的办法是完全删除 rails 和 ruby​​

先输入这个

tarun@tarun:~$ which ruby

/home/tarun/.rbenv/shims/ruby

tarun@tarun:~$ which rails

/home/tarun/.rbenv/shims/rails

然后复制路径并使用此命令删除文件

rm -rf /home/tarun/.rbenv/shims/ruby

rm -rf /home/tarun/.rbenv/shims/rails

同样你可以检查哪个 rbenv 和哪个 rvm 并使用相同的方法删除。

并使用

grep -rl rails
grep -rl ruby

这将显示所有具有 rails 关键字的文件的路径。这样您就可以知道您是否完全删除了 rails 和 ruby​​。

并按照此处给出的步骤重新安装它 https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-ruby-on-rails-with-rbenv-on-ubuntu-14-04