从 SQL 代理作业调用时，工作存储过程失败

Question

我有一个在 SQL Server Management Studio 中运行良好且没有错误的存储过程。但是，当相同的存储过程作为 SQL 代理作业的一个步骤执行时，它会以：

错误 3930： 当前事务无法提交且无法支持写入日志文件的操作。回滚事务。

存储过程位于名为[Billing] 的架构中。它使用的大部分表也在[Billing] 模式中。

主存储过程开始一个数据库事务。由主存储过程调用的存储过程在继承的事务上完成所有工作。主存储过程负责提交或回滚事务。

运行 SQL 代理作业步骤的数据库用户不是 Sysadmin 角色，也不是 dbo。它属于 db_datareader 和 db_datawriter 数据库角色，并在 [Billing] 架构中被授予 Delete、Execute、Insert、References、Select 和 Update 权限。

这里是主要的存储过程：

CREATE PROCEDURE [Billing].[GenerateBillXml]
  @pUseProductionPsSystem bit
  ,@pPeriodYear int
  ,@pPeriodMonthNumber int
  ,@pDocumentTypeName varchar(20)
  ,@pUser varchar(100)
  ,@pFilePath varchar(500)
  ,@pExportDateTime datetime2(7)
  ,@pResultCode int = 0 OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

  SET @pResultCode = 0;

  DECLARE @transactionBegun bit = 0
          ,@RC int = 0
          ,@processDateTimeUtc datetime2(7) = GETUTCDATE()
          ,@billGenerationId int
          ,@PsJobSuffix char(2)
          ,@periodDate date
          ,@periodDateString char(6)
          ,@PsBaseJobNumber char(6)
          ,@okayToRun int = 0
          ,@msg varchar(500);

  BEGIN TRY
    /* calculate the period date */
    SET @periodDate = CONVERT(date,CAST(@pPeriodMonthNumber as varchar) + '/01/' + CAST(@pPeriodYear as varchar))
    SET @periodDateString = CONVERT(varchar, @periodDate, 12); -- yyMMdd

    /* retrieve the job suffix */
    SELECT @PsJobSuffix = CAST([PsJobSuffix] as char(2))
      FROM [dbo].[DocumentType] dt
      WHERE [Name] like @pDocumentTypeName;

    /* build the base job number */
    SET @PsBaseJobNumber = LEFT(@periodDateString, 4) + @PsJobSuffix

    /*
     * We've made it past the input check - record the fact that we're generating a bill
     */
    INSERT [Billing].[BillGeneration] (
      [PsBaseJobNumber], [Status], [RunBy], [ProcessDateTimeUtc]
    ) VALUES (
      @PsBaseJobNumber, 'Running', @pUser, @processDateTimeUtc
    );

    IF @@ROWCOUNT = 1
      SET @billGenerationId = SCOPE_IDENTITY();

    EXECUTE @RC = [Billing].[_0_OkayToGenerateBill]
      @PsBaseJobNumber
      ,@okayToRun OUTPUT
      ,@pResultCode OUTPUT;

    IF @pResultCode = 0  
    BEGIN
      -- called stored procedure completed without error
      IF @okayToRun = -1 -- this bill has already been generated
      BEGIN
        SET @msg = 'The billing for job ' + CAST(@PsBaseJobNumber as varchar) + ' has already been produced.';
        RAISERROR(@msg, 16, 1)
      END

      IF @okayToRun = -2 -- too early to run billing for this period
      BEGIN
        SET @msg = 'It is too early to generate billing for job ' + CAST(@PsBaseJobNumber as varchar) + '.';
        RAISERROR(@msg, 16, 1)
      END

      IF @okayToRun <> 1 -- unknown error...
      BEGIN
        SET @msg = 'Unknown error occured while determining whether okay to generate bill for job ' + CAST(@PsBaseJobNumber as varchar) + '.';
        RAISERROR(@msg, 16, 1)
      END
    END
    ELSE
    BEGIN
      SET @msg = 'Unknown failure in sub-stored procedure [Billing].[_0_OkayToRun]() for job ' + CAST(@PsBaseJobNumber as varchar) + '.';
      RAISERROR(@msg, 16, 1)  -- will cause branch to CATCH
    END

    /* Okay to generate bill */

    /* If not in a transaction, begin one */
    IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
    BEGIN
      BEGIN TRANSACTION
      SET @transactionBegun = 1;
    END

    EXECUTE @RC = [Billing].[_1_GeneratePsPreBillData] 
       @PsBaseJobNumber
      ,@pUser
      ,@pResultCode OUTPUT;

    IF @pResultCode = 0
    BEGIN
      -- stored proced ran to successful completion
      EXECUTE @RC = [Billing].[_2_GetBillingDataForXmlGeneration]
         @pUseProductionPsSystem
        ,@PsBaseJobNumber
        ,@pResultCode OUTPUT;

      IF @pResultCode = 0
      BEGIN
        -- stored proced ran to successful completion
        IF @transactionBegun = 1
          -- all table data has been created/updated
          COMMIT TRANSACTION

        -- Output XML bill to file
        EXECUTE @RC = [Billing].[_3_GenerateBillingXmlFilesForPsJob] 
           @PsBaseJobNumber
          ,@pFilePath
          ,@pExportDateTime
          ,@pResultCode OUTPUT;

        IF @pResultCode <> 0
        BEGIN
          -- called stored procedure failed
          SET @msg = '[Billing].[_3_GenerateBillingXmlFilesForPsJob]() failed for job ' + CAST(@PsBaseJobNumber as varchar);
          RAISERROR(@msg, 16, 1)  -- will cause branch to CATCH
        END
      END
      ELSE
      BEGIN
        -- called stored procedure failed
        SET @msg = '[Billing].[_2_GetBillingDataForXmlGeneration]() failed for job ' + CAST(@PsBaseJobNumber as varchar);
        RAISERROR(@msg, 16, 1)  -- will cause branch to CATCH
      END
    END
    ELSE
    BEGIN
        -- called stored procedure failed
      SET @msg = '[Billing].[_1_GeneratePsPreBillData]() failed for job ' + CAST(@PsBaseJobNumber as varchar);
      RAISERROR(@msg, 16, 1)  -- will cause branch to CATCH
    END

    -- bill generation was successful
    IF @billGenerationId IS NOT NULL
      UPDATE [Billing].[BillGeneration]
        SET [Status] = 'Successful', [ProcessEndDateTimeUtc] = GETUTCDATE()
        WHERE [Id] = @billGenerationId;

  END TRY
  BEGIN CATCH
    -- rollback transaction if we started one
    IF @transactionBegun = 1
      ROLLBACK TRANSACTION

    -- record the error
    INSERT [Billing].[BillGenerationError] (
      [DateTime], [Object], [ErrorNumber], [ErrorMessage]
    ) VALUES (
      GETDATE(), OBJECT_NAME(@@PROCID), ERROR_NUMBER(), ERROR_MESSAGE()
    );

    -- bill generation failed
    IF @billGenerationId IS NOT NULL
      UPDATE [Billing].[BillGeneration]
        SET [Status] = 'Failed'
            ,[Note] = ERROR_MESSAGE()
            ,[ProcessEndDateTimeUtc] = GETUTCDATE()
        WHERE [Id] = @billGenerationId;

    SELECT ERROR_NUMBER() as ErrorNumber;
    SELECT ERROR_MESSAGE() as ErrorMessage;
    SET @pResultCode = 1
  END CATCH
END

Answer 1

正如@Lukasz Szozda 在他的一个 cmets 中对我的问题所暗示的那样，问题是当 SQL 代理作业执行 BCP.EXE 命令时，它在 SQL 代理使用的服务帐户下运行，这对我来说是相当严格的“本地系统”帐户。在这一点上，对我来说很明显必须使用代理帐户。所以我在Operating System (CmdExec) 下创建了一个代理，这是唯一有意义的选择。

我回到工作步骤将其更改为使用代理，但随后注意到在其当前类型的Transact-SQL script (TSQL) 中，无法分配代理帐户。

在尝试了几件事之后，最终决定将作业步骤中的 TSQL 语句放入一个新的存储过程中，然后从 SQL 命令行可执行文件SQLCMD.EXE 中调用该存储过程。然后我将作业步骤类型从Transact-SQL script (TSQL) 更改为Operating System (CmdExec)。然后我可以将Run As 字段设置为我之前创建的代理。我指定了以CMD.EXE /c SQLCMD.EXE -S [ServerName] -Q "EXEC [NewProcedureName] [parameters]" 运行的命令。

如果你好奇我为什么在CMD.EXE 下运行SQLCMD.EXE，这是因为新存储过程的参数之一是特定格式 ('%date:~4,10%') 的当前日期，它SQL Server 作业执行环境不支持，但CMD.EXE 肯定支持。

总的来说，我认为这比我预期的要付出更多的努力。