“未捕获的类型错误：单击数字按钮时无法读取未定义的属性（读取'toString'）答案

【问题标题】："Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'toString') when clicking number button“未捕获的类型错误：单击数字按钮时无法读取未定义的属性（读取'toString'）
【发布时间】：2021-11-02 06:12:40
【问题描述】：

class Calculator {
  constructor(previousOperandTextElement, currentOperandTextElement) {
    this.previousOperandTextElement = previousOperandTextElement
    this.currentOperandTextElement = currentOperandTextElement
    this.clear()
  }

  clear() {
    this.previousOperandTextElement = ''
    this.currentOperandTextElement = ''
    this.operation = undefined
  }

  delete() {

  }

  appendNumber(number) {
    this.currentOperand = this.currentOperand.toString() + number.toString()
  }

  chooseOperator(operation) {

  }

  compute() {

  }

  updateDisplay() {
    this.currentOperandTextElement.innerHTML = this.currentOperand
  }


}

const numberButtons = document.querySelectorAll('[data-number]')
const operationButtons = document.querySelectorAll('[data-operation]')
const equalsButton = document.querySelector('[data-equals]')
const deleteButton = document.querySelector('[data-delete]')
const allClearButton = document.querySelector('[data-all-clear]')
const previousOperandTextElement = document.querySelector('[data-previous-operand]')
const currentOperandTextElement = document.querySelector('[data-current-operand]')

const calculator = new Calculator(previousOperandTextElement, currentOperandTextElement)

numberButtons.forEach(button => {
  button.addEventListener('click', () => {
    calculator.appendNumber(button.innerHTML)
    calculator.updateDisplay()
  })
})

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-family: 'Franklin Gothic Medium', 'Arial Narrow', Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
}

body {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, #00AAFF, #00FF6C);
}

.calculator-grid {
  display: grid;
  justify-content: center;
  align-content: center;
  min-height: 100vh;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 100px);
  grid-template-rows: minmax(120px, auto) repeat(5, 100px);
}

.calculator-grid button {
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 2rem;
  border: 1px solid white;
  outline: none;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .75);
}

.calculator-grid button:hover {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);
}

.span-two {
  grid-column: span 2;
}

.output {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
  border: solid 5px green;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 15px;
}

.output .previous-operand {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .75);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.output .current-operand {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .75);
  font-size: 2.5rem;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Calculator</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="calculator.css">
  <script src="calculator.js" defer></script>
</head>

<body>
  <div class="calculator-grid">
    <div class="output">
      <div data-previous-operand class="previous-operand"></div>
      <div data-current-operand class="current-operand"></div>
    </div>
    <button data-all-clear class="span-two">AC</button>
    <button data-delete>DEL</button>
    <button data-operation>÷</button>
    <button data-number>1</button>
    <button data-number>2</button>
    <button data-number>3</button>
    <button data-operation>*</button>
    <button data-number>4</button>
    <button data-number>5</button>
    <button data-number>6</button>
    <button data-operation>+</button>
    <button data-number>7</button>
    <button data-number>8</button>
    <button data-number>9</button>
    <button data-operation>-</button>
    <button data-number>.</button>
    <button data-number>0</button>
    <button data-equals class="span-two">=</button>
  </div>

</body>

</html>

【问题讨论】：

未捕获的类型错误：无法在 HTMLButtonElement 的 Calculator.appendNumber (calculator.js:22) 处读取未定义的属性（读取“toString”）。 (calculator.js:55)

标签： javascript typeerror

【解决方案1】：

你没有this.currentOperandTextElement，因为它是在类之外定义的

updateDisplay() { 
  currentOperandTextElement.innerHTML = this.currentOperand
}

我也改为委托

document.querySelector('.calculator-grid').addEventListener('click', (e) => {
  const tgt = e.target;
  if (tgt.classList.contains('number')) {
    calculator.appendNumber(tgt.textContent)
    calculator.updateDisplay()
  }
})

所有 textContents 都是字符串，所以不需要 number.toString

最后我不推荐使用数据属性作为占位符

这更有意义

<button id="all-clear" class="span-two">AC</button>
<button id="delete">DEL</button>
<button class="operation">÷</button>
<button class="number">1</button>
<button class="number">2</button>
<button class="number">3</button>
<button class="operation">*</button>
<button class="number">4</button>
<button class="number">5</button>
<button class="number">6</button>
<button class="operation">+</button>
<button class="number">7</button>
<button class="number">8</button>
<button class="number">9</button>
<button class="operation">-</button>
<button class="number">.</button>
<button class="number">0</button>
<button id="equals" class="operation span-two">=</button>

class Calculator {
  constructor(previousOperandTextElement, currentOperandTextElement) {
    this.previousOperandTextElement = previousOperandTextElement
    this.currentOperandTextElement = currentOperandTextElement
    this.currentOperand = ""
    this.clear()
  }

  clear() {
    this.previousOperandTextElement = ''
    this.currentOperandTextElement = ''
    this.operation = undefined
  }

  delete() {

  }

  appendNumber(number) {
    this.currentOperand  += number
  }

  chooseOperator(operation) {

  }

  compute() {

  }

  updateDisplay() { 
    currentOperandTextElement.innerHTML = this.currentOperand
  }


}

const equalsButton = document.getElementById('equals')
const deleteButton = document.getElementById('delete')
const allClearButton = document.getElementById('all-clear')
const previousOperandTextElement = document.querySelector('[data-previous-operand]')
const currentOperandTextElement = document.querySelector('[data-current-operand]')

const calculator = new Calculator(previousOperandTextElement, currentOperandTextElement)

document.querySelector('.calculator-grid').addEventListener('click', (e) => {
  const tgt = e.target;
  if (tgt.classList.contains('number')) {
    calculator.appendNumber(tgt.textContent)
    calculator.updateDisplay()
  }
})

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-family: 'Franklin Gothic Medium', 'Arial Narrow', Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: normal;
}

body {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, #00AAFF, #00FF6C);
}

.calculator-grid {
  display: grid;
  justify-content: center;
  align-content: center;
  min-height: 100vh;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 100px);
  grid-template-rows: minmax(120px, auto) repeat(5, 100px);
}

.calculator-grid button {
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 2rem;
  border: 1px solid white;
  outline: none;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .75);
}

.calculator-grid button:hover {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);
}

.span-two {
  grid-column: span 2;
}

.output {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
  border: solid 5px green;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 15px;
}

.output .previous-operand {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .75);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.output .current-operand {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .75);
  font-size: 2.5rem;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Calculator</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="calculator.css">
  <script src="calculator.js" defer></script>
</head>

<body>
  <div class="calculator-grid">
    <div class="output">
      <div data-previous-operand class="previous-operand"></div>
      <div data-current-operand class="current-operand"></div>
    </div>
    <button id="all-clear" class="span-two">AC</button>
    <button id="delete">DEL</button>
    <button class="operation">÷</button>
    <button class="number">1</button>
    <button class="number">2</button>
    <button class="number">3</button>
    <button class="operation">*</button>
    <button class="number">4</button>
    <button class="number">5</button>
    <button class="number">6</button>
    <button class="operation">+</button>
    <button class="number">7</button>
    <button class="number">8</button>
    <button class="number">9</button>
    <button class="operation">-</button>
    <button class="number">.</button>
    <button class="number">0</button>
    <button id="equals" class="operation span-two">=</button>
  </div>

</body>

</html>

【讨论】：

为什么按数字开头显示undefined？
我可能需要测试更多，但原则是合理的
我认为你应该在构造函数中使用this.currentOperand = 0，因为你似乎在appendNumber 方法中直接将number 添加到this.currentOperand（起初它是未定义的）。
我添加了this.currentOperand = ""，因为它是一个字符串

【解决方案2】：

您在Calculator.appendNumber 方法中使用的currentOperand 变量未定义。

如果第一个参数是undefined 或null，您应该使用Null Coalescing Operator (??) 来提供值。

传递的参数number 将始终是一个字符串，因此无需再次对其调用toString 方法。

appendNumber(number) {
    this.currentOpend = (this.currentOperand ?? '') + number;
}

或者在构造函数中设置this.currentOperand的值，那么你就不需要使用??操作符了

constructor(previousOperandTextElement, currentOperandTextElement) {
    ...
    this.currentOperand = '';
}

你的Calculator.clear 方法应该是

clear() {
    this.previousOperandTextElement.innerText = '';
    this.currentOperandTextElement.innerText = '';
    this.operation = undefined;
}

【讨论】：

calculator.js:37 Uncaught TypeError: Cannot create property 'innerHTML' on string '' at Calculator.updateDisplay (calculator.js:37) at HTMLButtonElement. (calculator.js:56)
所以现在我试了一下，发生了什么
因为在您的clear 函数中，您将previousOperandTextElement 和currentOperandTextElement 重置为字符串。
你应该考虑使用 Typescript 来编码。它将真正帮助您使用预定义的类型捕获此类简单错误。