【发布时间】:2016-03-19 07:42:54
【问题描述】:
我在尝试递归反转单链表的实现时遇到问题。
我已经阅读了有关此过程的其他类似问题,但是,在我尝试在自己的程序中实现此过程时,我遇到了问题。
这是我在下面的尝试(与后面的代码中呈现的略有不同):
注意:我的列表使用root 指针,它不包含重要数据,仅用作引用列表中数据的地址。
void IntList::reverse(Node* t_node) {
if(t_node == NULL) {
reverse(root);
} else
if(t_node->next == NULL) {
cout << "In (swapping): " << t_node->value << endl;
root->next = t_node;
} else {
cout << "In: " << t_node->value << endl;
Node* tmp = t_node->next;
reverse(t_node->next);
tmp->next = t_node;
}
return NULL;
}
在尝试显示列表时,我在某处丢失了参考并无休止地打印。我真的不知道自己犯了什么错误,但怀疑这可能与我处理root 的方式有关。
为了完整起见,这是整个程序(除了reverse() 方法之外的所有功能)。
#ifndef INTLIST_H
#define INTLIST_H
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class IntList {
private:
struct Node {
int value;
Node* next;
};
int size;
Node* root;
void destroy();
public:
IntList() { root = new Node; root->next = 0; root-> value = 0; size = 0;}
IntList(const IntList& list) { this->root = list.root; this->size = list.size; }
~IntList() {}
void appendNode(int val);
void insertNode(int pos, int val);
void deleteNode(int pos);
int searchNode(int val);
int getSize() const;
void print() const;
Node* reverse(Node* t_node);
int &operator[](int element) const;
void pop_back();
void pop_front();
void push_back(int val);
void push_front(int val);
};
void IntList::appendNode(int val) {
push_back(val);
}
void IntList::insertNode(int pos, int val) {
Node* tmp;
Node* current = root;
for(int i = 0; i < pos && current->next != NULL; i++) {
current = current->next;
}
tmp = new Node;
tmp->value = val;
tmp->next = current->next;
current->next = tmp;
size++;
}
void IntList::deleteNode(int pos) {
Node* tmp;
Node* current = root;
if(pos <= size-1) {
for(int i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
current = current->next;
}
tmp = current->next;
current->next = tmp->next;
delete tmp;
size--;
} else {
cout << "ERROR: Out of range." << endl;
}
}
int IntList::searchNode(int val) {
int position = 0;
Node* current = root->next;
if(size != 0) {
for(position = 0; position < size && current->value != val; position++) {
current = current->next;
}
} else {
cout << "ERROR: List is empty." << endl;
position = -1;
}
return position;
}
int IntList::getSize() const {
return size;
}
void IntList::print() const {
Node* current = root->next;
cout << "List: ";
while(current != NULL) {
cout << current->value << " ";
current = current->next;
}
if(getSize() == 0) {
cout << "Empty.";
}
cout << endl;
}
IntList::Node* IntList::reverse(Node* t_node) {
#define REVERSE
#ifndef REVERSE
if(t_node == NULL) {
reverse(root);
} else
if(t_node->next == NULL) {
cout << "In (swapping): " << t_node->value << endl;
root->next = t_node;
} else {
cout << "In: " << t_node->value << endl;
Node* tmp = t_node->next;
reverse(t_node->next);
tmp->next = t_node;
}
#endif //reverses list, but causes infinite loop in display
return NULL;
}
int &IntList::operator[](int pos) const {
Node* current = root->next;
if(pos <= size-1) {
for(int i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
current = current->next;
}
} else {
cout << "ERROR: Out of bounds.";
current = NULL;
}
return current->value;
}
void IntList::pop_back() {
deleteNode(size-1);
}
void IntList::pop_front() {
deleteNode(0);
}
void IntList::push_back(int val) {
insertNode(size, val);
}
void IntList::push_front(int val) {
insertNode(0, val);
}
#endif
#ifndef LINKEDLIST_H
#define LINKEDLIST_H
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
class LinkedList {
private:
struct Node {
T value;
Node* next;
};
int size;
Node* root;
void destroy();
public:
LinkedList() { root = new Node; root->next = 0; root-> value = 0; size = 0;}
LinkedList(const LinkedList &) {}
~LinkedList() {}
void appendNode(T val);
void insertNode(int pos, T val);
void deleteNode(int pos);
int searchNode(T val);
int getSize() const;
void print() const;
void reverse(Node* t_node);
int &operator[](int element) const;
void pop_back();
void pop_front();
void push_back(T val);
void push_front(T val);
};
template <typename T>
void LinkedList<T>::appendNode(T val) {
push_back(val);
}
template <typename T>
void LinkedList<T>::insertNode(int pos, T val) {
Node* tmp;
Node* current = root;
for(int i = 0; i < pos && current->next != NULL; i++) {
current = current->next;
}
tmp = new Node;
tmp->value = val;
tmp->next = current->next;
current->next = tmp;
size++;
}
template <typename T>
void LinkedList<T>::deleteNode(int pos) {
Node* tmp;
Node* current = root;
if(pos <= size-1) {
for(int i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
current = current->next;
}
tmp = current->next;
current->next = tmp->next;
delete tmp;
size--;
} else {
cout << "ERROR: Out of range." << endl;
}
}
template <typename T>
int LinkedList<T>::searchNode(T val) {
int position = 0;
Node* current = root->next;
if(size != 0) {
for(position = 0; position < size && current->value != val; position++) {
current = current->next;
}
} else {
cout << "ERROR: List is empty." << endl;
position = -1;
}
return position;
}
template <typename T>
int LinkedList<T>::getSize() const {
return size;
}
template <typename T>
void LinkedList<T>::print() const {
Node* current = root->next;
cout << "List: ";
while(current != NULL) {
cout << current->value << " ";
current = current->next;
}
if(getSize() == 0) {
cout << "Empty.";
}
cout << endl;
}
template <typename T>
void LinkedList<T>::reverse(Node* t_node) {
/*
if(t_node == NULL) {
reverse(root);
} else
if(t_node->next == NULL) {
cout << "In (swapping): " << t_node->value << endl;
root->next = t_node;
} else {
cout << "In: " << t_node->value << endl;
Node* tmp = t_node->next;
reverse(t_node->next);
tmp->next = t_node;
}
*/ //reverses list, but causes infinite loop in display
}
template <typename T>
int &LinkedList<T>::operator[](int pos) const {
Node* current = root->next;
if(pos <= size-1) {
for(int i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
current = current->next;
}
} else {
cout << "ERROR: Out of bounds.";
current = NULL;
}
return current->value;
}
template <typename T>
void LinkedList<T>::pop_back() {
deleteNode(size-1);
}
template <typename T>
void LinkedList<T>::pop_front() {
deleteNode(0);
}
template <typename T>
void LinkedList<T>::push_back(T val) {
insertNode(size, val);
}
template <typename T>
void LinkedList<T>::push_front(T val) {
insertNode(0, val);
}
#endif
//test driver
int main() {
IntList i_list;
int n;
cout << "Appending node: value = " << 0 << endl;
i_list.appendNode(0);
i_list.print();
cout << endl;
n = 5;
cout << "Inserting nodes (at their values). Node values = { ";
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cout << i << " ";
i_list.insertNode(i,i);
}
cout << "}" << endl;
i_list.print();
cout << endl;
cout << "Deleting node at position: " << i_list.getSize()-1 << endl;
i_list.deleteNode(i_list.getSize()-1);
i_list.print();
cout << endl;
cout << "Searching for value: " << 3 << endl;
cout << "Found at: " << i_list.searchNode(3) << endl;
cout << endl;
i_list.print();
cout << "List size: " << i_list.getSize() << endl;
cout << endl;
n = 3;
cout << "Calling node at list[" << n << "]: " << i_list[n] << endl;
cout << endl;
i_list.print();
cout << "Deleting node from back position." << endl;
i_list.pop_back();
i_list.print();
cout << endl;
i_list.print();
cout << "Deleting node from front position." << endl;
i_list.pop_front();
i_list.print();
cout << endl;
n = 9;
i_list.print();
cout << "Adding node (value = " << n << ") to back position." << endl;
i_list.push_back(n);
i_list.print();
cout << endl;
n = 8;
i_list.print();
cout << "Adding node (value = " << n << ") to front position." << endl;
i_list.push_front(n);
i_list.print();
cout << endl;
i_list.print();
cout << "Copying list to new list." << endl;
IntList t_list(i_list);
cout << endl;
cout << "List copy:" << endl;
t_list.print();
cout << endl;
/*
* Showing functionality transfers over to LinkedList template class
* generally, for primitive data types (lacks absolutely generality
* for data which can't be passed directly to cout).
*/
cout << "List functionality transfers generally to LinkedList class:" << endl;
LinkedList<int> int_list;
LinkedList<double> double_list;
LinkedList<char> char_list;
cout << "Appending nodes:" << endl;
n = 5;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
int_list.appendNode(i);
}
int_list.print();
n = 5;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
double_list.appendNode(i+0.1);
}
double_list.print();
n = 5;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
char_list.appendNode('A' + i);
}
char_list.print();
cout << "Removing nodes:" << endl;
n = 5;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
int_list.pop_back();
}
int_list.print();
n = 5;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
double_list.pop_back();
}
double_list.print();
n = 5;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
char_list.pop_back();
}
char_list.print();
return 0;
}
编辑:我已经修改了我的算法,我相信它在算法上是有效的,但在功能上它可能正在做一些导致内存问题的事情。我不确定为什么会这样,但就是这样:
void IntList::reverse() {
IntList tmp(*this);
int list_size = size;
for(int i = 0; i < list_size; i++) {
this->insertNode(i, tmp[tmp.getSize()-1]);
this->pop_back();
tmp.pop_back();
}
}
事实上,如果我的 [] 运算符重载在此方法中起作用(由于某种原因它不是?)我可以取消 tmp 列表并直接将列表中的最后一个值引用为 @ 987654329@.
这里有什么问题?
【问题讨论】:
-
您应该能够通过单次扫描列表来反转这样的列表。你有理由递归地这样做吗?
-
我认为返回一个与旧列表相反的新列表比原地修改列表更容易。
-
我也认为你会用一堆测试用例让自己变得更容易。从最简单的可能(空列表,包含一个元素的列表)开始,然后从那里开始。
标签: c++ recursion data-structures linked-list reverse