元素当前不可见，因此可能无法与之交互，Selenium Dropdown Box Python

Question

我需要浏览我网页上的所有页面。所有这些页面的左上角都有一个下拉框，其中包含所有可用的城市。我想通过选择此下拉框中的每个位置来访问每个页面。下拉框有一个滚动条，当我想选择它下面的选项时，它会给我异常消息：

Message: Element is not currently visible and so may not be interacted with
Stacktrace:
    at fxdriver.preconditions.visible (file:///tmp/tmpHWLMyH/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:9981)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.checkPreconditions_ (file:///tmp/tmpHWLMyH/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:12517)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.executeInternal_/h (file:///tmp/tmpHWLMyH/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:12534)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.executeInternal_ (file:///tmp/tmpHWLMyH/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:12539)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.execute/< (file:///tmp/tmpHWLMyH/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:12481)

代码如下：

#!/bin/env/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

def get_browser():
    return webdriver.Firefox()


main_page_url = "http://example.com/"
basic_url = 'http://example.com/ogloszenia-kobiet.html'

def get_city_list(url) :

    AGE_ACCEPT_BUTTON_XPATH = ".//*[@id='columns']/div/div[2]/section/div/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/a[2]"
    COMBOBOX_XPATH = ".//*[@id='select_city']/li/form/div/button"
    COMBOBOX_OPTION_XPATH = ".//*[@id='select_city']/li/form/div/div/ul/li[%s]/a/span[1]"
    CHOOSE_BUTTON_XPATH = ".//*[@id='select_city']/li/form/button"

    pages = []

    try:
        browser = get_browser()
        wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 100)
        browser.get(main_page_url)
        time.sleep(2)

        button_age_accept = browser.find_element_by_xpath(AGE_ACCEPT_BUTTON_XPATH)
        button_age_accept.click()
        time.sleep(10)

        browser.get(url)

        i = 2

        while(True) :
            try :

                button_combobox = browser.find_element_by_xpath(COMBOBOX_XPATH)
                button_combobox.click()
                time.sleep(5)

                element_xpath = COMBOBOX_OPTION_XPATH % i
                option_in_combobox = browser.find_element_by_xpath(element_xpath)
                # wait.until(EC.invisibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH, element_xpath)))
                # option_in_combobox = WebDriverWait(browser, 10).until(lambda browser : browser.find_element_by_xpath(element_xpath))
                option_in_combobox.click()
                time.sleep(5)

                button_choose = browser.find_element_by_xpath(CHOOSE_BUTTON_XPATH)
                button_choose.click()
                time.sleep(5)

                pages.append(browser.current_url)

                i += 1
            except Exception, e:
                print e
                break

        browser.close()
        return pages

    except Exception, e:
        info = 'Generic exception\n'
        print e
        return []

get_city_list(basic_url)

我也尝试使用滚动条，尝试将其向下移动，但仍然没有效果。我只能滚动位于此下拉框顶部的页面：

#!/bin/env/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

def get_browser():
    return webdriver.Chrome()


main_page_url = "http://example.com/"
basic_url = 'http://example.com/ogloszenia-kobiet.html'

def get_city_list(url) :

    AGE_ACCEPT_BUTTON_XPATH = ".//*[@id='columns']/div/div[2]/section/div/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/a[2]"
    COMBOBOX_XPATH = ".//*[@id='select_city']/li/form/div/button"
    COMBOBOX_OPTION_XPATH = ".//*[@id='select_city']/li/form/div/div/ul/li[%s]/a/span[1]"
    CHOOSE_BUTTON_XPATH = ".//*[@id='select_city']/li/form/button"

    pages = []

    try:
        browser = get_browser()
        wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 100)
        browser.get(main_page_url)
        time.sleep(2)

        button_age_accept = browser.find_element_by_xpath(AGE_ACCEPT_BUTTON_XPATH)
        button_age_accept.click()
        time.sleep(10)

        browser.get(url)

        i = 2

        while(True) :
            try :

                button_combobox = browser.find_element_by_xpath(COMBOBOX_XPATH)
                button_combobox.click()
                time.sleep(5)

                element_xpath = COMBOBOX_OPTION_XPATH % i
                option_in_combobox = browser.find_element_by_xpath(element_xpath)

                actionChains = ActionChains(browser)
                scrollbar = browser.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/section/section[2]/div/div[2]/section/div/div/div/div[1]/ul/li/form/div/div/ul")
                actionChains.click_and_hold(scrollbar).perform()
                actionChains.move_by_offset(0,10+i).perform()
                actionChains.release()

                browser.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", option_in_combobox)
                option_in_combobox.click()

                browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, 0);")

                button_choose = browser.find_element_by_xpath(CHOOSE_BUTTON_XPATH)
                button_choose.click()
                time.sleep(5)

                pages.append(browser.current_url)

                i += 1
            except Exception, e:
                print e
                break

        browser.close()
        return pages

    except Exception, e:
        info = 'Generic exception\n'
        print e
        return []

pages = get_city_list(basic_url)
for p in pages :
    with open('links.txt', 'a') as the_file:
        the_file.write(p)
        the_file.write('\n')

------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- 更新： ----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------

现在，我使用的是Kubuntu 14.04。我有Python 2.7.11 和Selenium 2.49.2。我当前的代码：

#!/bin/env/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

# def get_browser():
#     options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
#     options.add_argument("--start-maximized")
#     return webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)


def get_browser():
    return webdriver.Firefox()

main_page_url = "http://example.com/"
basic_url = 'http://example.com/ogloszenia-kobiet.html'

def get_city_list(url) :

    AGE_ACCEPT_BUTTON_XPATH = ".//*[@id='columns']/div/div[2]/section/div/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/a[2]"
    COMBOBOX_XPATH = ".//*[@id='select_city']/li/form/div/button"
    COMBOBOX_OPTION_XPATH = ".//*[@id='select_city']/li/form/div/div/ul/li[%s]/a/span[1]"
    CHOOSE_BUTTON_XPATH = ".//*[@id='select_city']/li/form/button"

    pages = []

    try:
        browser = get_browser()
        wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 100)
        browser.get(main_page_url)
        time.sleep(2)

        button_age_accept = browser.find_element_by_xpath(AGE_ACCEPT_BUTTON_XPATH)
        button_age_accept.click()
        time.sleep(10)

        browser.get(url)

        i = 2

        while(True) :
            try :

                button_combobox = browser.find_element_by_xpath(COMBOBOX_XPATH)
                button_combobox.click()
                time.sleep(5)

                element_xpath = COMBOBOX_OPTION_XPATH % i
                option_in_combobox = browser.find_element_by_xpath(element_xpath)
                option_in_combobox.click()

                button_choose = browser.find_element_by_xpath(CHOOSE_BUTTON_XPATH)
                button_choose.click()
                time.sleep(5)

                pages.append(browser.current_url)

                i += 1
            except Exception, e:
                print e
                break

        browser.close()
        return pages

    except Exception, e:
        info = 'Generic exception\n'
        print e
        return []

pages = get_city_list(basic_url)
for p in pages :
    with open('links.txt', 'a') as the_file:
        the_file.write(p)
        the_file.write('\n')

对于 Firefox，代码在元素“Gdańsk”处退出并显示一条消息：string indices must be integers，因此这意味着它没有找到我的组合框中的每个元素。

对于 Chrome 和 Windows XP，它在 'Bielsko-Biała' 处退出，所以这意味着它没有找到我的组合框中的每个元素。 ...

我该如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

移动到元素然后点击：

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

actions = ActionChains(browser)
actions.move_to_element(option_in_combobox).click().perform()

或者，scroll into it's view：

browser.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", option_in_combobox)

或者，点击元素via javascript：

browser.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", option_in_combobox)

---

对于 Firefox，代码在元素 'Gdańsk' 处退出并显示一条消息：字符串索引必须是整数，因此这意味着它不会在我的组合框中找到每个元素。

selenium 2.49 中存在可能导致此TypeError 的问题。您需要降级到 2.48：

pip install selenium==2.48

• Python & Selenium Click and "TypeError: string indices must be integers"

Answer 2

如前所述，您应该先移动到选项元素，然后再单击它：actions.move_to_element(option_in_combobox).click().perform()。现在“button_choose”元素不可见，因为浏览器向下滚动。要解决此问题，您需要滚动到顶部，然后单击按钮：

browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, 0);") # scroll to top

button_choose = browser.find_element_by_xpath(CHOOSE_BUTTON_XPATH)
button_choose.click()

Answer 3

我在 java 中尝试过，它的工作非常好。我请求请查看 for 循环，主要是因为在这里我可以一一选择选项。我刚刚使用了 Thread.sleep，因为我知道我们也可以使用等待。为了使类似于我刚刚附加到 StringBuffer 的问题，我知道我们可以添加到 java 中的任何收集器。我没有完全接受年龄等，因为我说我专注于那个下拉选择..

 public class Dog {

  private WebDriver driver;
  private String baseUrl;
  private StringBuffer verificationErrors = new StringBuffer();

  @BeforeClass()
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
   // driver = new FirefoxDriver();
      System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "E:\\selenium_setups\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
        driver=new ChromeDriver();
    driver.manage().window().maximize();
    baseUrl = "http://example.com/";
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
  }

  @Test
  public void testStackoverflowIssue() throws Exception {

   driver.get(baseUrl);
   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".btn.btn-success")).click();
   driver.get("http://example.com/ogloszenia-kobiet.html");
    List<WebElement> options=driver.findElements(By.xpath(".//*[@id='select_city']/li/form/div/div/ul/li"));

    for(int i=1; i<=options.size(); i++){

    driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//button[@type='button'])[4]")).click();
    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ul[@id='select_city']/li/form/div/div/ul/li["+i+"]")).click();
    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button.btn.btn-success")).click();
    Thread.sleep(5000);
    verificationErrors.append(driver.getCurrentUrl());
    System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl() +" >>> iteration " +i);
    driver.navigate().to("http://example.com/ogloszenia-kobiet.html");
    Thread.sleep(5000);
  }
  }

}

我希望这将帮助您在 python 中选择下拉值..

输出

谢谢你， 壁画

Answer 4

在选择“当前不可见的元素”之前尝试这个，然后点击下拉菜单：

browser.execute_script("document.getElementsByClassName('dropdown-menu inner selectpicker')[0].setAttribute('style', '');")