用于字符串到 shell 中 csv 列的整数转换的 Sed/awk答案

【问题标题】：Sed/awk for String to integer conversion of a csv column in shell用于字符串到 shell 中 csv 列的整数转换的 Sed/awk
【发布时间】：2021-12-13 14:41:28
【问题描述】：

我需要将 csv 文件的第 7 列从浮点数转换为十进制数。这是一个巨大的文件，我不想在读取转换时使用。 awk 有什么快捷方式吗？

输入：

"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx"," 00000001.0000"  
"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx"," 00000002.0000"  
"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx"," 00000005.0000"  
"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx"," 00000011.0000"

输出：

"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","1"  
"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","2"  
"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","5"   
"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","11"

试过这些，有效。但是有更简单的吗？

awk 'BEGIN {FS=OFS="\",\""} {$7 = sprintf("%.0f", $7)} 1' $test > $test1
awk '{printf("%s\"\n", $0)}' $test1

【问题讨论】：

标签： awk sed integer

【解决方案1】：

awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=","} {gsub(/"/, "", $7); $7="\"" $7+0 "\""; print}' file

输出：

"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","1" "xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","2" "xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","5" "xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","11"

gsub(/"/, "", $7)：从 $7 中删除所有 "

$7+0：将 $7 中的数字减少到最小表示

【讨论】：

工作就像一个魅力。正是我需要的。也谢谢你的详细解释

【解决方案2】：

使用您展示的示例，请尝试关注awk 程序。

awk -v s1="\"" -v OFS="," '{$NF = s1 ($NF + 0) s1} 1' Input_file

解释： 简单的解释是，将OFS 设置为, 然后在主程序中；在每行的最后一个字段中仅保留数字并用" 覆盖最后一个字段，重新排列字段并打印已编辑/未编辑的所有行。

【讨论】：

缺少右括号。你能解释一下 $NF 是做什么的吗？
@GD，抱歉，这是一个错字，现在已修复，现在应该起飞了。
@GD, NF 是保存当前记录中字段数的 awk 变量。由于字段从一开始编号，NF 也是最后一个字段的编号。所以$NF是最后一个字段的内容。
@glennjackman "xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx",",1" "xx","x","xxxxxx", "xxx","xx","xx",",2" 我得到这样的.. 额外的逗号添加
@Ravinder，第一个 awk 正文只需要 {$NF = s1 ($NF + 0) s1} -- 需要添加前导引号。另外，分配 $NF 已经重写 $0，不需要$1=$1

【解决方案3】：

另一个简单的awk解决方案：

awk 'BEGIN {FS=OFS="\",\""} {$NF = $NF+0 "\""} 1' file

"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","1"
"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","2"
"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","5"
"xx","x","xxxxxx","xxx","xx","xx","11"

【讨论】：