使用 Windows 复制对话框进行复制

Question

我目前正在使用shutil.copy2() 复制大量图像文件和文件夹（介于 0.5 到 5 个演出之间）。 Shutil 工作正常，但是太慢了。我想知道是否有办法将此信息传递给 Windows 以制作副本并给我它的标准传输对话框。你知道，这家伙……

很多时候，我的脚本所花费的时间大约是标准 windows 复制所用时间的两倍，这让我担心我的 python 解释器在运行复制时挂起。我多次运行复制过程，希望缩短时间。

Answer 1

如果您的目标是一个精美的复制对话框，SHFileOperation Windows API 函数可以提供。 pywin32 包有一个 python 绑定，ctypes 也是一个选项（例如谷歌“SHFileOperation ctypes”）。

这是我使用 pywin32 的（非常简单的测试）示例：

import os.path
from win32com.shell import shell, shellcon


def win32_shellcopy(src, dest):
    """
    Copy files and directories using Windows shell.

    :param src: Path or a list of paths to copy. Filename portion of a path
                (but not directory portion) can contain wildcards ``*`` and
                ``?``.
    :param dst: destination directory.
    :returns: ``True`` if the operation completed successfully,
              ``False`` if it was aborted by user (completed partially).
    :raises: ``WindowsError`` if anything went wrong. Typically, when source
             file was not found.

    .. seealso:
        `SHFileperation on MSDN <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb762164(v=vs.85).aspx>`
    """
    if isinstance(src, basestring):  # in Py3 replace basestring with str
        src = os.path.abspath(src)
    else:  # iterable
        src = '\0'.join(os.path.abspath(path) for path in src)

    result, aborted = shell.SHFileOperation((
        0,
        shellcon.FO_COPY,
        src,
        os.path.abspath(dest),
        shellcon.FOF_NOCONFIRMMKDIR,  # flags
        None,
        None))

    if not aborted and result != 0:
        # Note: raising a WindowsError with correct error code is quite
        # difficult due to SHFileOperation historical idiosyncrasies.
        # Therefore we simply pass a message.
        raise WindowsError('SHFileOperation failed: 0x%08x' % result)

    return not aborted

如果您将上面的标志设置为shellcon.FOF_SILENT | shellcon.FOF_NOCONFIRMATION | shellcon.FOF_NOERRORUI | shellcon.FOF_NOCONFIRMMKDIR.，您也可以在“静默模式”（无对话框、无确认、无错误弹出窗口）下执行相同的复制操作，详情请参阅SHFILEOPSTRUCT。

Answer 2

更新：见

• https://github.com/tjguk/winshell/
• https://github.com/frmdstryr/pywinutils

将它包装在一个库中会很高兴......在上面的答案的帮助下，我能够让它在 Windows 7 上运行，如下所示。

import pythoncom
from win32com.shell import shell,shellcon

def win_copy_files(src_files,dst_folder):           
        # @see IFileOperation
        pfo = pythoncom.CoCreateInstance(shell.CLSID_FileOperation,None,pythoncom.CLSCTX_ALL,shell.IID_IFileOperation)

        # Respond with Yes to All for any dialog
        # @see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb775799(v=vs.85).aspx
        pfo.SetOperationFlags(shellcon.FOF_NOCONFIRMATION)

        # Set the destionation folder
        dst = shell.SHCreateItemFromParsingName(dst_folder,None,shell.IID_IShellItem)

        for f in src_files:
                src = shell.SHCreateItemFromParsingName(f,None,shell.IID_IShellItem)
                pfo.CopyItem(src,dst) # Schedule an operation to be performed


        # @see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb775780(v=vs.85).aspx
        success = pfo.PerformOperations()

        # @see sdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb775769(v=vs.85).aspx
        aborted = pfo.GetAnyOperationsAborted()
        return success and not aborted


files_to_copy = [r'C:\Users\jrm\Documents\test1.txt',r'C:\Users\jrm\Documents\test2.txt']
dest_folder = r'C:\Users\jrm\Documents\dst'
win_copy_files(files_to_copy,dest_folder)

这里的参考资料也很有帮助： http://timgolden.me.uk/pywin32-docs/html/com/win32com/HTML/QuickStartClientCom.html

Answer 3

见IFileCopy。 IFileOperation 可能可以通过 ctypes 和 shell32.dll 获得，我不确定。

Answer 4

*碰撞* Windows 10！

在您的帮助下和Virgil Dupras' send2trash:
我刚刚使用ctypes 做了一个vanilla Python 版本：

import os
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes


class _SHFILEOPSTRUCTW(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [("hwnd", wintypes.HWND),
                ("wFunc", wintypes.UINT),
                ("pFrom", wintypes.LPCWSTR),
                ("pTo", wintypes.LPCWSTR),
                ("fFlags", ctypes.c_uint),
                ("fAnyOperationsAborted", wintypes.BOOL),
                ("hNameMappings", ctypes.c_uint),
                ("lpszProgressTitle", wintypes.LPCWSTR)]


def win_shell_copy(src, dst):
    """
    :param str src: Source path to copy from. Must exist!
    :param str dst: Destination path to copy to. Will be created on demand.
    :return: Success of the operation. False means is was aborted!
    :rtype: bool
    """
    if not os.path.exist(src):
        print('No such source "%s"' % src)
        return False

    src_buffer = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(src, len(src) + 2)
    dst_buffer = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(dst, len(dst) + 2)

    fileop = _SHFILEOPSTRUCTW()
    fileop.hwnd = 0
    fileop.wFunc = 2  # FO_COPY
    fileop.pFrom = wintypes.LPCWSTR(ctypes.addressof(src_buffer))
    fileop.pTo = wintypes.LPCWSTR(ctypes.addressof(dst_buffer))
    fileop.fFlags = 512  # FOF_NOCONFIRMMKDIR
    fileop.fAnyOperationsAborted = 0
    fileop.hNameMappings = 0
    fileop.lpszProgressTitle = None

    result = ctypes.windll.shell32.SHFileOperationW(ctypes.byref(fileop))
    return not result

✔ 已在 Python 3.7 和 2.7 上进行测试，同时具有长 src 和 dst 路径。