使用 std::bind 调用 std::string 方法答案

【问题标题】：Calling std::string method using std::bind使用 std::bind 调用 std::string 方法
【发布时间】：2015-02-12 02:27:11
【问题描述】：

我需要使用 std::bind 调用 std::string 方法成员，我尝试了以下方法，但它给出了错误：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <functional>

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  std::string test = "fdsa";

  auto fn = std::bind(&std::string::append<std::string>, test, std::string("test"));
  fn();
  std::cout << test << '\n';
}

错误：

/home/alex/Tests/atom/main.cpp:9:6: error: no match for call to ‘(std::_Bind<std::_Mem_fn<std::basic_string<char>& (std::basic_string<char>::*)(std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char>)>(std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char>)>) ()’
   fn();
      ^
In file included from /home/alex/Tests/atom/main.cpp:3:0:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1248:11: note: candidates are:
     class _Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args...)>
           ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1319:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = std::_Mem_fn<std::basic_string<char>& (std::basic_string<char>::*)(std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char>)>; _Bound_args = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args)
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1319:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1315:37: error: no match for call to ‘(std::_Mem_fn<std::basic_string<char>& (std::basic_string<char>::*)(std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char>)>) (std::basic_string<char>&, std::basic_string<char>&)’
  = decltype( std::declval<_Functor>()(
                                     ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:509:11: note: candidates are:
     class _Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes...)>
           ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:555:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:555:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:560:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class&& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:560:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1315:37: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>&&’
  = decltype( std::declval<_Functor>()(
                                     ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:568:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class*, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class* __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:568:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1315:37: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>*’
  = decltype( std::declval<_Functor>()(
                                     ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:575:2: note: template<class _Tp, class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Tp&&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Tp = _Tp; _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Tp&& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:575:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:584:2: note: template<class _Tp, class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(std::reference_wrapper<_Tp>, _Args&& ...) const [with _Tp = _Tp; _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(reference_wrapper<_Tp> __ref, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:584:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1315:37: note:   ‘std::basic_string<char>’ is not derived from ‘std::reference_wrapper<_Tp>’
  = decltype( std::declval<_Functor>()(
                                     ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1333:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = std::_Mem_fn<std::basic_string<char>& (std::basic_string<char>::*)(std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char>)>; _Bound_args = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1333:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1329:53: error: no match for call to ‘(const std::_Mem_fn<std::basic_string<char>& (std::basic_string<char>::*)(std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char>)>) (const std::basic_string<char>&, const std::basic_string<char>&)’
          typename add_const<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                     ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:509:11: note: candidates are:
     class _Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes...)>
           ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:555:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:555:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1329:53: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<const std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<const std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘const std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>&’
          typename add_const<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                     ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:560:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class&& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:560:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1329:53: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<const std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<const std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘const std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>&&’
          typename add_const<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                     ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:568:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class*, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class* __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:568:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1329:53: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<const std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<const std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘const std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>*’
          typename add_const<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                     ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:575:2: note: template<class _Tp, class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Tp&&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Tp = _Tp; _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Tp&& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:575:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:584:2: note: template<class _Tp, class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(std::reference_wrapper<_Tp>, _Args&& ...) const [with _Tp = _Tp; _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(reference_wrapper<_Tp> __ref, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:584:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1329:53: note:   ‘std::basic_string<char>’ is not derived from ‘std::reference_wrapper<_Tp>’
          typename add_const<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                     ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1347:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) volatile [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = std::_Mem_fn<std::basic_string<char>& (std::basic_string<char>::*)(std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char>)>; _Bound_args = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args) volatile
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1347:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1343:70: error: no match for call to ‘(volatile std::_Mem_fn<std::basic_string<char>& (std::basic_string<char>::*)(std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char>)>) (volatile std::basic_string<char>&, volatile std::basic_string<char>&)’
                        typename add_volatile<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                                      ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:509:11: note: candidates are:
     class _Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes...)>
           ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:555:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:555:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1343:70: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<volatile std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<volatile std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘volatile std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>&’
                        typename add_volatile<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                                      ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:560:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class&& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:560:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1343:70: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<volatile std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<volatile std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘volatile std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>&&’
                        typename add_volatile<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                                      ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:568:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class*, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class* __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:568:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1343:70: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<volatile std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<volatile std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘volatile std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>*’
                        typename add_volatile<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                                      ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:575:2: note: template<class _Tp, class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Tp&&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Tp = _Tp; _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Tp&& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:575:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:584:2: note: template<class _Tp, class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(std::reference_wrapper<_Tp>, _Args&& ...) const [with _Tp = _Tp; _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(reference_wrapper<_Tp> __ref, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:584:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1343:70: note:   ‘std::basic_string<char>’ is not derived from ‘std::reference_wrapper<_Tp>’
                        typename add_volatile<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                                      ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1361:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) const volatile [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Result = _Result; _Functor = std::_Mem_fn<std::basic_string<char>& (std::basic_string<char>::*)(std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char>)>; _Bound_args = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Args&&... __args) const volatile
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1361:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1357:64: error: no match for call to ‘(const volatile std::_Mem_fn<std::basic_string<char>& (std::basic_string<char>::*)(std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char>)>) (const volatile std::basic_string<char>&, const volatile std::basic_string<char>&)’
                        typename add_cv<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:509:11: note: candidates are:
     class _Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes...)>
           ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:555:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:555:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1357:64: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<const volatile std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<const volatile std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘const volatile std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>&’
                        typename add_cv<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:560:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class&& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:560:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1357:64: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<const volatile std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<const volatile std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘const volatile std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>&&’
                        typename add_cv<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:568:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class*, _Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Class* __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:568:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1357:64: note:   cannot convert ‘std::_Mu<std::basic_string<char>, false, false>().std::_Mu<_Arg, false, false>::operator()<const volatile std::basic_string<char>&, std::tuple<> >((* & std::declval<const volatile std::basic_string<char>&>()), (* & std::declval<std::tuple<>&>()))’ (type ‘const volatile std::basic_string<char>’) to type ‘std::basic_string<char>*’
                        typename add_cv<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                                ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:575:2: note: template<class _Tp, class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Tp&&, _Args&& ...) const [with _Tp = _Tp; _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(_Tp&& __object, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:575:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:584:2: note: template<class _Tp, class ... _Args, class _Req> _Res std::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(std::reference_wrapper<_Tp>, _Args&& ...) const [with _Tp = _Tp; _Args = {_Args ...}; _Req = _Req; _Res = std::basic_string<char>&; _Class = std::basic_string<char>; _ArgTypes = {std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >}]
  operator()(reference_wrapper<_Tp> __ref, _Args&&... __args) const
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:584:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/functional:1357:64: note:   ‘std::basic_string<char>’ is not derived from ‘std::reference_wrapper<_Tp>’
                        typename add_cv<_Functor>::type>::type>()(
                                                                ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.9/string:52:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/ios_base.h:41,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/ios:42,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/ostream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/iostream:39,
                 from /home/alex/Tests/atom/main.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/basic_string.h: In instantiation of ‘static _CharT* std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_S_construct_aux(_InIterator, _InIterator, const _Alloc&, std::__false_type) [with _InIterator = std::basic_string<char>; _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>]’:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/basic_string.h:1764:58:   required from ‘static _CharT* std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_S_construct(_InIterator, _InIterator, const _Alloc&) [with _InIterator = std::basic_string<char>; _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>]’
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/basic_string.tcc:229:49:   required from ‘std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::basic_string(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, const _Alloc&) [with _InputIterator = std::basic_string<char>; _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>]’
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/basic_string.tcc:658:35:   required from ‘std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_M_replace_dispatch(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator, std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator, _InputIterator, _InputIterator, std::__false_type) [with _InputIterator = std::basic_string<char>; _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::basic_string<char> >; typename _Alloc::rebind<_CharT>::other::pointer = char*]’
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/basic_string.h:1648:66:   required from ‘std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::replace(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator, std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator, _InputIterator, _InputIterator) [with _InputIterator = std::basic_string<char>; _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::basic_string<char> >; typename _Alloc::rebind<_CharT>::other::pointer = char*]’
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/basic_string.h:1062:69:   required from ‘std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::append(_InputIterator, _InputIterator) [with _InputIterator = std::basic_string<char>; _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>]’
/home/alex/Tests/atom/main.cpp:8:83:   required from here
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/basic_string.h:1742:76: error: no type named ‘iterator_category’ in ‘struct std::iterator_traits<std::basic_string<char> >’
           typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;

我想知道，如何使用 bind 从 std::string 调用方法。

【问题讨论】：

标签： c++ c++11 functional-programming functor stdbind

【解决方案1】：

有multiple overloads 的std::string::append ：你需要告诉编译器你想要哪个，为此使用static_cast：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <functional>

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  std::string test = "fdsa";

  auto fn = std::bind(static_cast<std::string&(std::string::*)(const std::string&)>(&std::string::append), std::ref(test), std::string("test"));
  fn();
  std::cout << test << '\n';
}

Live demo

【讨论】：

编译没有错误，但是cout只显示fdsa，“test”没有出现。
@Alex 添加std::ref(test) 以传递参考
@Alex：&test 或 std::ref(test)：答案/链接已更新。
如果你想调用test本身的函数，你需要绑定到引用std::ref(test)或指针&test；正如您的演示所示，它不会修改它。我会用 lambda [&]{test.append("test");} 替换那些难以理解的混乱

【解决方案2】：

由于问题被标记为 C++11，因此您可以使用 lambda：

std::string test = "fdsa";
auto fn = [&](){
    return test.append("test");
};
std::cout << fn() << std::endl;

【讨论】：

这是一个简化问题的解决方案，但实际上我的问题更大，我需要使用绑定，因为它将在其他函数和对象内部。