懒惰的我正在考虑在一些文本文件中添加一列。
文本文件位于目录中，我想将目录名称添加到文本文件中。
喜欢文件夹the_peasant中的文本文件text.txt：
has a wart
was dressed up like a witch
has a false nose
会变成：
the_peasant has a wart
the_peasant was dressed up like a witch
the_peasant has a false nose
然后我在其他名为“the_king”等的文件夹中有类似的文本文件。
我认为这是 find 命令、bash 脚本和 sed 的组合，但我看不透。有什么想法吗？
【问题讨论】：
我愿意。
访问目录可以使用
import os
fpath = "example.txt"
dir_name = os.path.dirname(fpath)
【讨论】：
您是否在适当的文件夹中运行脚本？然后你可以使用 os 模块找到当前文件夹。假设您只想取目录树的末尾，您可以使用 os.path，例如：
import os, os.path
curDirectory = os.getcwd()
baseDir = os.path.basename()
inFile = open("filename.txt").xreadlines()
outFile = open("filename.out", "w")
for line in inFile:
outFile.write("%s %s" % (baseDir, line))
outFile.close()
【讨论】：
为此的简单python脚本（应该在任何文件夹中工作，只要你将完整路径传递给目标文件，显然）：
#!/usr/bin/python
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
import os
# Get full filepath and directory name
filename = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1])
dirname = os.path.split(os.path.dirname(filename))[1]
# Read current file contents
my_file = open(filename, 'r')
lines = my_file.readlines()
my_file.close()
# Rewrite lines, adding folder name to the start
output_lines = [dirname + ' ' + line for line in lines]
my_file = open(filename, 'w')
my_file.write('\n'.join(output_lines))
my_file.close()
【讨论】：
这是我想出的：
find /path/to/dir -type f | sed -r 'p;s:.*/(.*)/.*:\1:' | xargs -n 2 sh -c 'sed -i "s/^/$1 /" $0'
这是一个如何构造命令的示例，假设存在以下文件：
/home/the_peasant/a.txt
/home/the_peasant/b.txt
/home/the_peasant/farmer/c.txt
第一个 find /home/the_peasant -type f 将完全按照上述方式输出这些文件。
接下来，sed 命令会输出一个文件名，后跟目录名，如下所示：
/home/the_peasant/a.txt
the_peasant
/home/the_peasant/b.txt
the_peasant
/home/the_peasant/farmer/c.txt
farmer
xargs 将每两行分组并将它们传递给 sh 命令，因此您最终会得到以下三个命令：
$ sh -c 'sed -i "s/^/$1 /" $0' /home/the_peasant/a.txt the_peasant
$ sh -c 'sed -i "s/^/$1 /" $0' /home/the_peasant/b.txt the_peasant
$ sh -c 'sed -i "s/^/$1 /" $0' /home/the_peasant/farmer/c.txt farmer
最后，这将导致以下 sed 命令将文件夹名称添加到每行的开头：
$ sed -i "s/^/the_peasant /" /home/the_peasant/a.txt
$ sed -i "s/^/the_peasant /" /home/the_peasant/b.txt
$ sed -i "s/^/farmer /" /home/the_peasant/farmer/c.txt
【讨论】：
编辑：注意到有些地方不正确。 我删除了 dir 循环——它现在递归地行走。 很抱歉混淆了。
使用 os.walk
import os.path
directory = os.path.curdir
pattern = ".py";
for (path,dirs,files) in os.walk(directory):
for file in files:
if not file.endswith(pattern):
continue
filename = os.path.join(path,file)
#print "file: ",filename
#continue
with open(filename,"r") as f:
for line in f.readlines():
print "{0} {1}".format(filename,line)
f.close()
输出：
list1.py # LAB(replace solution)
list1.py # return
list1.py # LAB(end solution)
【讨论】：
使用 find 和 perl 的强制单行
find . -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d | perl -MFile::Basename -ne 'chomp; my $dir = basename($_); for my $file (glob "$dir/*") { print qq{sed -i "s/^/$dir /" $file\n} }' | tee rename_commands.sh
sh rename_commands.sh
假设 perl 和 sed 在你的 $PATH 中。生成一个 sed 命令文件以进行实际更改，以便您查看要执行的操作。
在我的测试中，该命令文件如下所示：
sed -i "s/^/foo /" foo/text1
sed -i "s/^/foo /" foo/text2
sed -i "s/^/bar /" bar/belvedere
sed -i "s/^/bar /" bar/robin
【讨论】：
目录树：
% tree .
.
├── the_king
│ └── text.txt
├── the_knight
│ └── text.txt
├── the_peasant
│ └── text.txt
└── wart.py
3 directories, 4 files
之前的目录和内容：
% find . -name 'text.txt' -print -exec cat {} \;
./the_king/text.txt
has a wart
was dressed up like a witch
has a false nose
./the_knight/text.txt
has a wart
was dressed up like a witch
has a false nose
./the_peasant/text.txt
has a wart
was dressed up like a witch
has a false nose
代码（wart.py）：
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
text_file = 'text.txt'
cwd = os.path.curdir # '.'
# Walk thru each directory starting at '.' and if the directory contains
# 'text.txt', print each line of the file prefixed by the name containing
# directory.
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(cwd):
if text_file in files: # We only care IF the file is in this directory.
print 'Found %s!' % root
filepath = os.path.join(root, text_file) # './the_peasant/text.txt'
root_base = os.path.basename(root) # './the_peasant' => 'the_peasant'
output = ''
with open(filepath, 'r') as reader: # Open file for read/write
for line in reader: # Iterate the lines of the file
new_line = "%s %s" % (root_base, line)
print new_line,
output += new_line # Append to the output
with open(filepath, 'w') as writer:
writer.write(output) # Write to the file
print
哪些输出：
Found ./the_king!
the_king has a wart
the_king was dressed up like a witch
the_king has a false nose
Found ./the_knight!
the_knight has a wart
the_knight was dressed up like a witch
the_knight has a false nose
Found ./the_peasant!
the_peasant has a wart
the_peasant was dressed up like a witch
the_peasant has a false nose
之后的目录和内容：
% find . -name 'text.txt' -print -exec cat {} \;
./the_king/text.txt
the_king has a wart
the_king was dressed up like a witch
the_king has a false nose
./the_knight/text.txt
the_knight has a wart
the_knight was dressed up like a witch
the_knight has a false nose
./the_peasant/text.txt
the_peasant has a wart
the_peasant was dressed up like a witch
the_peasant has a false nose
这很有趣！感谢您的挑战！
【讨论】：
这是 bash 和 awk 中的一个单行代码：
find . -type f -print0 |
while read -r -d "" path; do
mv "$path" "$path.bak"
awk -v dir="$(basename "$(dirname "$path")")" '{print dir, $0}' "$path.bak" > "$path"
done
【讨论】：
这可能对你有用：
find . -name text.txt | sed 's|.*/\(.*\)/.*|sed -i "s@^@\1 @" & |' | sh
或者如果你有 GNU sed：
find . -name text.txt | sed 's|.*/\(.*\)/.*|sed -i "s@^@\1 @" & |e'
【讨论】：