PL/SQL 触发器，用于在插入、更新、删除后将数据输入到具有序列的日志表中答案

【问题标题】：PL/SQL trigger for after insert, update, delete that enters Data into Log Table with a SequencePL/SQL 触发器，用于在插入、更新、删除后将数据输入到具有序列的日志表中
【发布时间】：2013-04-19 07:25:54
【问题描述】：

我正在处理一个家庭作业问题。我的触发器遇到编译问题，并且无法理解如何创建引用序列和另一个表的触发器，并将这些值插入到我创建的日志表中。 I have read that using SERIAL not null on the Table column entry may eliminates the need for a sequence and referencing table，但我需要它来完成作业。

我需要一些帮助来弄清楚如何让我的触发器编译。我的绑定变量有问题：序列中的新，以及从另一个表插入的 idpay 值。我不确定我的声明是否正确，并且 BEGIN 语句之后的前两个语句是否正确，因为第一行被标记为编译错误。 I think something is going on with this example and my lack of the NULL value entry there in the IF statement, but unsure where to put that part in my coding.

当然还有Oracle 11g Reference Doc for Triggers, I've gone over it but you can check it out yourself too.

这是设置问题： 1. 使用捐赠数据库。该组织希望跟踪所有质押付款活动。每次添加、更改或删除质押付款时，以下内容信息应在单独的表中捕获：用户名、当前日期、操作采取（INSERT、UPDATE 或 DELETE），以及支付记录的 idpay 值。

创建一个名为 DD_PAYTRACK 的表来保存此信息。包括一个主键列由序列填充，并创建名为 DD_PTRACK_SEQ 的新序列主键列。

创建一个触发器来记录请求的信息以跟踪承诺支付活动，并测试 idpay=1470 的所有操作类型的触发器。使用 SELECT 语句显示 DD_PAYTRACK 表中的记录。

select * from dd_paytrack;

IDTRACK    PTUSER        PTDATE       PTACTION       PTPAYID                
4          AAX5367E220   10-DEC-12     INSERT        1470                   
5          AAX5367E220   10-DEC-12     UPDATE            1470                   
6          AAX5367E220   10-DEC-12     DELETE        1470

这是我到目前为止所做的，即使在添加了这些插入、更新和删除语句之后，它仍然返回一个空表，但是由于下面的答案，我已经修复了建议的内容。

*我修复了它，我必须在编译触发器后添加自己的更新、插入和删除语句。现在效果很好。谢谢诺埃尔！！！*

    DROP TABLE dd_paytrack;
    DROP SEQUENCE idtrack_seq;

    CREATE TABLE dd_paytrack(
    idtrack         NUMBER,
    pt_user         VARCHAR2(30),
    pt_date         DATE,
    pt_action       VARCHAR2(30),
    pt_payid        NUMBER(6,0),
    CONSTRAINT pk_dd_paytrack PRIMARY KEY (idtrack)
    );

    CREATE SEQUENCE idtrack_seq;

    CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER pledge_pay_trigger
      AFTER 
        INSERT OR 
        UPDATE OR 
        DELETE 
      ON dd_payment
      FOR EACH ROW  
    DECLARE
      log_action  dd_paytrack.pt_action%TYPE; 
      id_pay      dd_paytrack.pt_payid%TYPE;    
    BEGIN
    id_pay := :NEW.idpay;
    IF INSERTING THEN
    log_action := 'Insert';
    ELSIF UPDATING THEN
    log_action := 'Update';
    ELSIF DELETING THEN
    id_pay := :OLD.idpay;
    log_action := 'Delete';
    ELSE
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This code is not reachable.');
    END IF;

    INSERT INTO dd_paytrack (idtrack, pt_user, pt_date, pt_action, pt_payid)
      VALUES(idtrack_seq.NEXTVAL, USER, TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YY'), log_action,      
    id_pay);

    END pledge_pay_trigger;
    /

   INSERT INTO dd_payment(idpay, idpledge, payamt, paydate, paymethod)
    VALUES (1470, 105, 250, SYSDATE, 'CC');
    commit;  

    UPDATE dd_payment
    SET payamt = 25
    WHERE idpay = 1470;
    commit;

    UPDATE dd_payment 
    SET payamt = 2000
    WHERE idpay = 1470;
    COMMIT;

    DELETE 
    FROM dd_payment
    WHERE idpay = 1470;
    COMMIT;


    SET serveroutput ON
    select * from dd_paytrack;

这是捐赠表方案，它引用了我的作业问题的 dd_paytrack 表。我对其进行了测试，该架构在剪切和粘贴后似乎可以正常工作。

-- The DoGood Donor Database 
-- A donor, who represents a person or company that has committed to make a donation to             
the DoGood organzation. 

DROP TABLE dd_donor CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_project CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_status CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_pledge CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_payment CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
CREATE TABLE DD_Donor (
    idDonor number(4),
    Firstname varchar2(15),
    Lastname varchar2(30),
                  Typecode CHAR(1),
    Street varchar2(40),
    City varchar2(20),
    State char(2),
    Zip varchar2(9),
    Phone varchar2(10),
    Fax varchar2(10),
    Email varchar2(25),
                  News char(1),
    dtentered date DEFAULT SYSDATE,
    CONSTRAINT donor_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idDonor) );
CREATE TABLE DD_Project (
                   idProj number(6),
                   Projname varchar2(60),
                   Projstartdate DATE,
                   Projenddate DATE,
                   Projfundgoal number(12,2),
                   ProjCoord varchar2(20),
                   CONSTRAINT project_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idProj),
                   CONSTRAINT project_name_uk  UNIQUE (Projname)  );      
CREATE TABLE DD_Status (
                   idStatus number(2),
                   Statusdesc varchar2(15),
                   CONSTRAINT status_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idStatus) );     
CREATE TABLE DD_Pledge (
                   idPledge number(5),
                   idDonor number(4),
                   Pledgedate DATE,
                   Pledgeamt number(8,2),
                   idProj number(5),
                   idStatus number(2),
                   Writeoff number(8,2),
                   paymonths number(3),
                   Campaign number(4),
                   Firstpledge char(1),
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idPledge),
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_idDonor_fk FOREIGN KEY (idDonor)
                           REFERENCES dd_donor (idDonor), 
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_idProj_fk FOREIGN KEY (idProj)
                           REFERENCES dd_project (idProj),
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_idStatus_fk FOREIGN KEY (idStatus)
                           REFERENCES dd_status (idStatus));                   
CREATE TABLE DD_Payment (
                   idPay number(6),
                   idPledge number(5),
                   Payamt number(8,2),
                   Paydate DATE,
                   Paymethod char(2),
                   CONSTRAINT payment_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idPay),
                   CONSTRAINT pay_idpledge_fk FOREIGN KEY (idPledge)
                           REFERENCES dd_pledge (idPledge) );                   
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (301, 'Mary', 'Treanor', 'I','243 main St.', 'Norfolk',     
'VA','23510',NULL,NULL,'mtrea492@mdv.com','Y','01-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (302, 'Patrick', 'Lee', 'I','11 Hooper St.', 'Norfolk',     
'VA','23510','7572115445',NULL,'pleeNorf@gmail.com','N','09-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (303, 'Terry', 'Venor', 'I','556 Loop Lane.', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23320',NULL,NULL,'tervenr@drw.edu','Y','18-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (304, 'Sherry', 'Pane', 'I','Center Blvd.', 'Virginia Beach', 
'VA','23455',NULL,NULL,'toppane@yahoo.com','Y','21-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (305, 'Thomas', 'Sheer', 'I','66 Train St.', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23322','7579390022',NULL,'tls3488@sheer.com','Y','01-MAR-2013');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (306, NULL, 'Coastal Developers', 'B','3667 Shore Dr.', 'Virginia Beach', 
'VA','23450','8889220004',NULL,'coastVA@cdev.com','Y','30-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (307, NULL, 'VA Community Org', 'G','689 Bush Dr.', 'Norfolk', 
'VA','23513','7578337467','7578337468','vacmorg@biz.com','Y','03-OCT-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (308, 'Betty', 'Konklin', 'I','11 Shark Ln.', 'Virginia Beach', 
'VA','23455','7574550087',NULL,'shark11@cox.net','N','04-OCT-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (309, 'Jim', 'Tapp', 'I','200 Pine Tree Blvd.', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23320','',NULL,'','N','08-OCT-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (310, NULL, 'Unique Dezigns', 'B','Connect Circle Unit 12', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23320','7574442121',NULL,'UDezigns@cox.net','Y','11-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (500,'Elders Assistance League', '01-SEP-2012','31-OCT-2012',15000,'Shawn 
Hasee');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (501,'Community food pantry #21 freezer equipment', '01-OCT-2012','31-DEC-
2012',65000,'Shawn Hasee');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (502,'Lang Scholarship Fund', '01-JAN-2013','01-NOV-2013',100000,'Traci 
Brown');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (503,'Animal shelter Vet Connect Program', '01-DEC-2012','30-MAR-
2013',25000,'Traci Brown');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (504,'Shelter Share Project 2013', '01-FEB-2013','31-JUL-2013',35000,'Traci 
Brown');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (10,'Open');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (20,'Complete');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (30,'Overdue');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (40,'Closed');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (50,'Hold');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (100,303,'18-SEP-2012',80,500,20,NULL,0,738,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (101,304,'21-SEP-2012',35,500,20,NULL,0,738,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (102,310,'01-OCT-2012',500,501,20,NULL,0,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (103,307,'03-OCT-2012',2000,501,20,NULL,0,749,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (104,308,'04-OCT-2012',240,501,10,NULL,12,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (105,309,'08-OCT-2012',120,501,10,NULL,12,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (106,301,'12-OCT-2012',75,500,20,NULL,0,738,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (107,302,'15-OCT-2012',1200,501,10,NULL,24,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (108,308,'20-JAN-2013',480,503,10,NULL,24,790,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (109,301,'01-FEB-2013',360,503,10,NULL,12,790,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (110,303,'01-MAR-2013',300,504,10,NULL,12,756,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (111,306,'01-MAR-2013',1500,504,20,NULL,0,756,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (112,309,'16-MAR-2013',240,504,10,NULL,12,756,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1425,100,80,'18-SEP-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1426,101,35,'21-SEP-2012','DC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1427,102,500,'01-OCT-2012','CH');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1428,103,2000,'03-OCT-2012','CH');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1429,106,75,'12-OCT-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1430,104,20,'01-NOV-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1431,105,10,'01-NOV-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1432,107,50,'01-NOV-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1433,104,20,'01-DEC-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1434,105,10,'01-DEC-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
  VALUES (1435,107,50,'01-DEC-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1436,104,20,'01-JAN-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1437,105,10,'01-JAN-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1438,107,50,'01-JAN-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1439,104,20,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1440,105,10,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1441,107,50,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1442,108,20,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1443,109,30,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1444,104,20,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1445,105,10,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1446,107,50,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1447,108,20,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1448,109,30,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1449,110,25,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1450,111,1500,'01-MAR-2013','CH');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1451,104,20,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1452,105,10,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1453,107,50,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1454,108,20,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1455,109,30,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1456,110,25,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1457,112,20,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1458,104,20,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1459,105,10,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1460,107,50,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1461,108,20,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1462,109,30,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1463,110,25,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1464,112,20,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
COMMIT;

【问题讨论】：

标签： sql oracle plsql triggers

【解决方案1】：

由于您在插入语句中使用了序列值，

   INSERT INTO dd_paytrack
           (idtrack, pt_user, pt_date,
            pt_action, pt_payid
           )
    VALUES (idtrack_seq.NEXTVAL, USER, TO_CHAR (SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YY'),
            log_action, id_pay
           );

如下图不需要选择。

SELECT idtrack_seq.NEXTVAL
 INTO :NEW.idtrack
 FROM DUAL;

另外，你在这一行漏掉了一个冒号，

      id_pay := :OLD.idpay;

编辑：还有一件事，在触发器中有 DBMS_OUTPUT 语句是没有意义的。因为你不会看到它，即使执行到达它。

【讨论】：

我已经修复了错误，但是我的选择查询现在返回了一个空表。我将编辑上面的代码以反映此更改。谢谢您的帮助。不知道为什么现在有了这些编辑它是一个空表。我包括了 Set Serveroutput ON
@meachamrob 你确定你使用了正确的 where 子句吗？我在插入语句中没有看到付款 ID 1470。
你是对的，查看数据显示没有 1470 的语句，我想我必须自己创建这些插入、更新和删除语句。教授没有很好地解释那部分
谢谢在添加了那些插入、删除和更新语句后它现在可以工作了。感谢您对我的问题的快速回复以及您今天的时间。

【解决方案2】：

PL/SQL 触发器，用于在插入、更新、删除之后将数据输入到具有序列的日志表中

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER pledge_pay_trigger2
      AFTER 
        INSERT OR 
        UPDATE OR 
        DELETE 
      ON dd_payment
      FOR EACH ROW  
    DECLARE
      log_action  dd_payment2.pt_action%TYPE; 
      id_pay      dd_payment2.idpay%TYPE;    
      id_Pledge   dd_payment2.idPledge%TYPE;    
      Pay_amt     dd_payment2.Payamt%TYPE;    
      Pay_date    dd_payment2.Paydate%TYPE;    
      Pay_method  dd_payment2.Paymethod%TYPE;    

BEGIN
id_pay := :NEW.idpay;
id_Pledge   := :NEW.IDPLEDGE;
Pay_amt     := :NEW.PAYAMT;
Pay_date    := :NEW.PAYDATE;
Pay_method  := :NEW.PAYMETHOD;
IF INSERTING THEN
  log_action := 'Insert';
   INSERT INTO dd_payment2(idpay, idpledge, payamt, paydate, paymethod,pt_action)
    VALUES (id_pay, id_Pledge, Pay_amt, TO_CHAR(Pay_date, 'DD-MON-YY'), Pay_method,log_action);
ELSIF UPDATING THEN
  log_action := 'Update';
  UPDATE DD_PAYMENT2 SET PAYAMT=Pay_amt,PAYDATE=TO_CHAR(Pay_date, 'DD-MON-YY'),pt_action='UPDATE' WHERE idpay=id_pay;
ELSIF DELETING THEN
id_pay := :OLD.idpay;
log_action := 'Delete';
UPDATE DD_PAYMENT2 SET pt_action='DELETE' WHERE idpay=id_pay;        
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This code is not reachable.');
END IF;
END pledge_pay_trigger2;
/

COMMIT;

//    if log_action ='Insert' then
       INSERT INTO dd_payment2(idpay, idpledge, payamt, paydate, paymethod,pt_action)
        VALUES (id_pay, id_Pledge, Pay_amt, TO_CHAR(Pay_date, 'DD-MON-YY'), Pay_method,log_action);
    else if log_action ='Update' then
      UPDATE DD_PAYMENT2 SET PAYAMT=Pay_amt,PAYDATE=TO_CHAR(Pay_date, 'DD-MON-YY'),pt_action='UPDATE' WHERE idpay=id_pay;
    else
      UPDATE DD_PAYMENT2 SET pt_action='DELETE' WHERE idpay=id_pay;        
    end if


     ALTER TABLE DD_PAYMENT2 ADD pt_action VARCHAR2(30 BYTE);

     COMMIT;


        INSERT INTO dd_payment(idpay, idpledge, payamt, paydate, paymethod)
    VALUES (1470, 105, 250, SYSDATE, 'CC');
    commit;  



         UPDATE dd_payment 
    SET payamt = 2000
    WHERE idpay = 1470;
    COMMIT;

        DELETE 
    FROM dd_payment
    WHERE idpay = 1470;
    COMMIT;

【讨论】：