如何获取 Oracle 数据库的 SID、服务名称和端口？

Question

我在地址 xx.xx.xx.xx 上运行 oracle 数据库 我知道登录名、密码和初始目录

我正在尝试在 Oracle SQL Developer 中建立新连接，以便我可以访问该数据库来查看它。为此，我需要知道 SID 或服务名称。

很久以前我会运行 TNSPing.exe 来获取服务名称，但是这个程序不再可用。 Oracle 没有分发它。

有没有办法在某个地方访问这些信息？

谢谢

Answer 1

如果您有数据库服务器的操作系统登录名，您可以运行：

lsnrctl 状态

获取听众提供的内容的详细信息。或者本地登录可以查询数据库本身

SQL> select name from dba_services;

NAME
---------------------------------------
SYS$BACKGROUND
SYS$USERS
db122XDB
db122

但是，如果您除了 IP 地址之外没有其他访问权限，那么您需要向某人 (DBA) 询问服务名称。正如 Alex 所说，tnsping 不会“揭示”任何内容，它只是尝试连接到您已经知道的服务名称。

Answer 2

因为你说过你有“我知道登录名、密码和初始目录”。然后我说：

获取Oracle SID：$ ps -ef | grep pmon； （或$ cat /etc/oratab - 格式：ORACLE_SID:ORACLE_HOME）

获取服务名称：$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora。 使用 tnsnames.ora 格式，可以 cat SERVICE_NAME

net_service_name= 
 (DESCRIPTION= 
   (ADDRESS=(protocol_address_information))
   (CONNECT_DATA= 
     (SERVICE_NAME=service_name))) 

为了执行 tnsping，您可以安装适合您机器的 Oracle 客户端。

Answer 3

如果您可以访问服务器，那么您可以确定侦听器正在运行多少进程、它正在侦听的 IP 地址和端口。 Linux 的示例。

[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ ps -ef|grep tnslsnr
oracle    6090     1  0  2015 ?        01:11:39 /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle    6712  6653  0 05:59 pts/1    00:00:00 grep tnslsnr
oracle   17064     1  0  2017 ?        00:19:15 /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SSPS -inherit

如果定义了变量$TNS_ADMIN，它将覆盖$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_UNQNAME=ssps_db2
ORACLE_SID=ssps
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/database
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ env |grep TNS
TNS_ADMIN=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$

首先，您可以进行 SQL 查询

select * from v$listener_network;

LOCAL LISTENER  (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=krw-ssps-db-02)(PORT=1521))
SERVICE NAME    ssps_db2
SERVICE NAME    ssps_db2


[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ ifconfig -a
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:50:56:8F:78:59
          inet addr:10.*.*.244  Bcast:10.*.*.255  Mask:255.255.255.192
          ...

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:50:56:8F:78:59
          inet addr:10.*.*.242  Bcast:10.*.*.255  Mask:255.255.255.192
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          .....


[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 08-JUN-2018 06:00:48

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                04-DEC-2015 08:48:38
Uptime                    419 days 18 hr. 44 min. 17 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/database/diag/tnslsnr/krw-ssps-db-02/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.*.*.244)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ssps" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ssps", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "sspsXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ssps", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ssps_db2" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ssps", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_SSPS

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 08-JUN-2018 06:01:12

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1525)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER_SSPS
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                11-DEC-2017 06:37:30
Uptime                    178 days 23 hr. 23 min. 42 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/database/diag/tnslsnr/krw-ssps-db-02/listener_ssps/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1525)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.*.*.242)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "asut" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "asut", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ssps" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ssps", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "tch7" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "tch7", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "tch8" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "tch8", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ lsnrctl services LISTENER_SSPS

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 08-JUN-2018 06:02:24

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1525)))
Services Summary...
Service "asut" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "asut", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:102970 refused:0
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "ssps" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ssps", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:222841 refused:0
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "tch7" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "tch7", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:107112 refused:0
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "tch8" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "tch8", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:102970 refused:0
         LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully
[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 ~]$ lsnrctl services LISTENER

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 08-JUN-2018 06:04:10

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ssps" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ssps", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:47 refused:8
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "sspsXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ssps", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1022 state:ready
         DISPATCHER <machine: krw-ssps-db-02, pid: 16980>
         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=krw-ssps-db-02)(PORT=53933))
Service "ssps_db2" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ssps", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:103158 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully

listener.ora 示例

[oracle@krw-ssps-db-02 admin]$  more listener.ora

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.*.244)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
        (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ssps)
        (ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
        (SID_NAME = ssps)
    )
  )

LISTENER_SSPS =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1525))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.*.242)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER_SSPS =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
        (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ssps)
        (ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
        (SID_NAME = ssps)
    )
     (SID_DESC=
        (SID_NAME=tch8)
        (ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
        (PROGRAM=dg4msql)
          )
    (SID_DESC=
         (SID_NAME=tch7)
         (ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
         (PROGRAM=dg4msql)
         )
     (SID_DESC=
        (SID_NAME=asut)
        (ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
        (PROGRAM=dg4msql)
       )
  )


ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /home/oracle/database

示例服务名称ssps_db3 不正确。 实用程序 tnsping 仅诊断侦听器对地址和端口的回答。不检查服务名的正确性。

C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin>tnsping ssps_db 3

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-JUN-2018 11:43:29

Copyright (c) 1997 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.*.244)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ssps_db3)))
OK (20 msec)
OK (0 msec)
OK (0 msec)

C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin>sqlplus system@ssps_db

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jun 9 11:43:38 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS:listener could not resolve SERVICE_NAME given in connect
descriptor

在日志文件listener.log中记录连接不成功

09-JUN-2018 11:43:29 * ping * 0
09-JUN-2018 11:43:29 * ping * 0
09-JUN-2018 11:43:29 * ping * 0
Sat Jun 09 11:43:45 2018
09-JUN-2018 11:43:45 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=ssps_db3)(CID=(PROGRAM=C:\oracle\ora92\bin\sqlplus.EXE)(HOST=DEMIN)(USER=DeminDV))) * (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.*.*.45)(PORT=61522)) * establish * ssps_db3 * 12514
TNS-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor

示例服务名称ssps_db2是否正确 C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin>tnsping ssps_db 3

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-JUN-2018 11:45:18

Copyright (c) 1997 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.89.251.244)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ssps_db2)))
OK (0 msec)
OK (10 msec)
OK (0 msec)

C:\oracle\ora92\network\admin>sqlplus system@ssps_db

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jun 9 11:45:23 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Enter password:

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[krw-ssps-db-02.krw.rzd] system@ssps>

在日志文件listener.log中记录连接成功

09-JUN-2018 11:45:18 * ping * 0
09-JUN-2018 11:45:18 * ping * 0
09-JUN-2018 11:45:18 * ping * 0
Sat Jun 09 11:45:28 2018
09-JUN-2018 11:45:28 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=ssps_db2)(CID=(PROGRAM=C:\oracle\ora92\bin\sqlplus.EXE)(HOST=DEMIN)(USER=DeminDV))) * (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.*.*.45)(PORT=61529)) * establish * ssps_db2 * 0