Amazon SES SMTP Python 使用答案

【问题标题】：Amazon SES SMTP Python UsageAmazon SES SMTP Python 使用
【发布时间】：2012-02-23 14:55:14
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试诊断为什么通过 Amazon SES 发送电子邮件无法通过 python 工作。

以下示例演示了该问题，其中user 和pass 设置为适当的凭据。

>>> import smtplib
>>> s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL("email-smtp.us-east-1.amazonaws.com", 465)
>>> s.login(user, pw)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 549, in login
    self.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 510, in ehlo_or_helo_if_needed
    (code, resp) = self.helo()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 372, in helo
    (code,msg)=self.getreply()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 340, in getreply
    raise SMTPServerDisconnected("Connection unexpectedly closed")
smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected: Connection unexpectedly closed

此消息不是特别有用，并且尝试了其他变体，但似乎无法使其正常工作。

我可以使用带有这些设置的雷鸟电子邮件客户端发送电子邮件，所以我的假设是我的任务与 TLS 相关。

【问题讨论】：

标签： python smtp amazon-web-services amazon-ses

【解决方案1】：

我已经确定这个问题是由时间引起的。因为我是从命令行执行该代码，所以服务器会超时。如果我将它放入 python 文件并运行它，它的执行速度足以确保发送消息。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

一个完整的例子：

import smtplib

user = ''
pw   = ''
host = 'email-smtp.us-east-1.amazonaws.com'
port = 465
me   = u'me@me.com'
you  = ('you@you.com',)
body = 'Test'
msg  = ("From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\n\r\n"
       % (me, ", ".join(you)))

msg = msg + body

s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host, port, 'yourdomain')
s.set_debuglevel(1)
s.login(user, pw)

s.sendmail(me, you, msg)

【讨论】：

还有更好的吗？这个必须用你和我两次。

【解决方案3】：

我认为 SMTP_SSL 不再适用于 SES。必须使用 starttls()

smtp = smtplib.SMTP("email-smtp.us-east-1.amazonaws.com")
smtp.starttls()
smtp.login(SESSMTPUSERNAME, SESSMTPPASSWORD)
smtp.sendmail(me, you, msg)

【讨论】：

这是完全错误的。 SMTP_SSL 仍然有效，但需要区别对待。我会在我的答案中显示。
这个答案是 13 岁。很可能 13 年前它是正确的，现在不再正确了。

【解决方案4】：

看起来，AWS SES 需要一个包含数据和所有必要信息的完整周期，并在缺少某些内容时关闭连接。

我刚刚创建了一个基于 the officially AWS SES documentation 的示例，重新格式化以消除一些代码异味并切换到 SMTP_SLL：

from email.utils import formataddr
from smtplib import SMTP_SSL, SMTPException
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

# Replace sender@example.com with your "From" address.
# This address must be verified.
SENDER = 'sender@example.com'
SENDERNAME = 'Sender Name'

# Replace recipient@example.com with a "To" address. If your account
# is still in the sandbox, this address must be verified.
RECIPIENT = 'recipient@example.com'

# Replace smtp_username with your Amazon SES SMTP user name.
USERNAME_SMTP = "AWS_SES_SMTP_USER"

# Replace smtp_password with your Amazon SES SMTP password.
PASSWORD_SMTP = "AWS_SES_SMTP_PWD"

# (Optional) the name of a configuration set to use for this message.
# If you comment out this line, you also need to remove or comment out
# the "X-SES-CONFIGURATION-SET:" header below.
# CONFIGURATION_SET = "ConfigSet"

# If you're using Amazon SES in an AWS Region other than US West (Oregon),
# replace email-smtp.us-west-2.amazonaws.com with the Amazon SES SMTP
# endpoint in the appropriate region.
HOST = "email-smtp.us-west-2.amazonaws.com"
PORT = 465

# The subject line of the email.
SUBJECT = 'Amazon SES Test (Python smtplib)'

# The email body for recipients with non-HTML email clients.
BODY_TEXT = ("Amazon SES Test - SSL\r\n"
             "This email was sent through the Amazon SES SMTP "
             "Interface using the Python smtplib package.")

# The HTML body of the email.
BODY_HTML = """<html>
<head></head>
<body>
  <h1>Amazon SES SMTP Email Test - SSL</h1>
  <p>This email was sent with Amazon SES using the
    <a href='https://www.python.org/'>Python</a>
    <a href='https://docs.python.org/3/library/smtplib.html'>
    smtplib</a> library.</p>
</body>
</html>"""

# Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
msg['From'] = formataddr((SENDERNAME, SENDER))
msg['To'] = RECIPIENT
# Comment or delete the next line if you are not using a configuration set
# msg.add_header('X-SES-CONFIGURATION-SET',CONFIGURATION_SET)

# Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.
part1 = MIMEText(BODY_TEXT, 'plain')
part2 = MIMEText(BODY_HTML, 'html')

# Attach parts into message container.
# According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
# the HTML message, is best and preferred.
msg.attach(part1)
msg.attach(part2)

# Try to send the message.
try:
    with SMTP_SSL(HOST, PORT) as server:
        server.login(USERNAME_SMTP, PASSWORD_SMTP)
        server.sendmail(SENDER, RECIPIENT, msg.as_string())
        server.close()
        print("Email sent!")

except SMTPException as e:
    print("Error: ", e)

YouTuber Codegnan created a nice walkthrough 设置 SES 和 IAM 以便能够运行上述代码。

【讨论】：