在编辑控件中使用上标和下标

Question

我正在使用 Win32 api 制作一个程序，并且我有一个编辑控件供用户输入。我创建了按钮，其想法是用户可以单击这些按钮来使用上标/下标，并在何时停用它们完成了，但我正在努力实际实施它们。我想我可以创建一个更小的新 HFONT，但是当我发送 WM_SETFONT 消息时，它会更改所有文本，所以一切都很小，然后当我禁用它时，一切又是全尺寸。

如何更改下一个键入的字符的字体，而不是控件中的所有文本？

Answer 1

你不能。 EDIT 控件的所有文本都使用一种字体。它不允许您将格式应用于文本部分。要么全有，要么全无。

如果要格式化，则需要使用更复杂的控件，例如 Rich Edit 控件。

Answer 2

正如@IInspectable 所说，使用RichEdit 是一个不错的选择。

另外，如果需要实现上标和下标功能，可以使用SendInput模拟键盘击键。

SendInput：合成击键、鼠标移动和按钮点击。

如：

上标 => Ctrl + Shift + '='

下标 => Ctrl + '='

模拟效果：

代码示例：

// Test_RichEdit.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Test_RichEdit.h"
#include <Richedit.h>

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // current instance
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // The title bar text
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // the main window class name
HWND superscript_style;
HWND subscript_style;
HWND hwndEdit;
HWND deactivate;

// Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
HWND CreateRichEdit(HWND hwndOwner,        // Dialog box handle.
    int x, int y,          // Location.
    int width, int height, // Dimensions.
    HINSTANCE hinst);       // Application or DLL instance.
void Superscript_style();
void Subscript_style();

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: Place code here.

    // Initialize global strings
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_TESTRICHEDIT, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // Perform application initialization:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_TESTRICHEDIT));

    MSG msg;

    // Main message loop:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}



//
//  FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  PURPOSE: Registers the window class.
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_TESTRICHEDIT));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_TESTRICHEDIT);
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   FUNCTION: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window
//
//   COMMENTS:
//
//        In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and
//        create and display the main program window.
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);

   CreateRichEdit(hWnd, 50,50,200,200, hInst);

   superscript_style =  CreateWindowW(L"BUTTON",
       L"Superscript",
       WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_TABSTOP,
       400, 60, 80, 30,
       hWnd, (HMENU)1, NULL, NULL);
   subscript_style = CreateWindowW(L"BUTTON",
       L"Subscript",
       WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_TABSTOP,
       400, 130, 80, 30,
       hWnd, (HMENU)2, NULL, NULL);
   deactivate = CreateWindowW(L"BUTTON",
       L"deactivate",
       WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_TABSTOP,
       400, 200, 80, 30,
       hWnd, (HMENU)3, NULL, NULL);


   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window.
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - process the application menu
//  WM_PAINT    - Paint the main window
//  WM_DESTROY  - post a quit message and return
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    static bool flag_sup = false;
    static bool flag_sub = false;
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_COMMAND:
        {
            int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
            // Parse the menu selections:
            switch (wmId)
            {
            case IDM_ABOUT:
                DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
                break;
            case IDM_EXIT:
                DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                break;
            case 1:
            {
                flag_sup = true;
                Superscript_style();
                break;
            }
            case 2:
            {
                flag_sub = true;
                Subscript_style();
                break;
            }
            case 3:
            {
                if (flag_sup == true)
                {
                    flag_sup = false;
                    Superscript_style();
                }
                else if (flag_sub == true)
                {
                    flag_sub = false;
                    Subscript_style();
                }
                else
                {
                    SetFocus(hwndEdit);
                }
                break;
            }

            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            }
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        {
            PAINTSTRUCT ps;
            HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO: Add any drawing code that uses hdc here...
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        }
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// Message handler for about box.
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

HWND CreateRichEdit(HWND hwndOwner,        // Dialog box handle.
    int x, int y,          // Location.
    int width, int height, // Dimensions.
    HINSTANCE hinst)       // Application or DLL instance.
{
    LoadLibrary(TEXT("Msftedit.dll"));

    hwndEdit = CreateWindowEx(0, MSFTEDIT_CLASS, TEXT(""),
        ES_MULTILINE | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | WS_BORDER | WS_TABSTOP,
        x, y, width, height,
        hwndOwner, NULL, hinst, NULL);

    return hwndEdit;
}

void Superscript_style()
{
    INPUT input[3];
    memset(input, 0, sizeof(input));
    input[0].type = input[1].type = input[2].type = INPUT_KEYBOARD;
    SetFocus(hwndEdit);
    input[0].ki.wVk = VK_CONTROL;
    input[1].ki.wVk = VK_SHIFT;
    input[2].ki.wVk = VK_OEM_PLUS;
    SendInput(3, input, sizeof(INPUT));
    input[0].ki.dwFlags = input[1].ki.dwFlags = input[2].ki.dwFlags = KEYEVENTF_KEYUP;
    SendInput(3, input, sizeof(INPUT));
}

void Subscript_style()
{
    INPUT input[2];
    memset(input, 0, sizeof(input));
    input[0].type = input[1].type = INPUT_KEYBOARD;
    SetFocus(hwndEdit);
    input[0].ki.wVk = VK_CONTROL;
    input[1].ki.wVk = VK_OEM_PLUS;
    SendInput(2, input, sizeof(INPUT));
    input[0].ki.dwFlags = input[1].ki.dwFlags = KEYEVENTF_KEYUP;
    SendInput(2, input, sizeof(INPUT));
}

注意：

如果您不熟悉SendInput，可以参考this了解更多详情。

Answer 3

嘿试试这个来设置格式：

void Subscript(HWND hWindow) {
    CHARFORMAT2 cf;
    cf.cbSize = sizeof(cf);
    cf.dwMask = CFE_SUBSCRIPT;
    cf.dwEffects = CFE_SUBSCRIPT;
    SendMessage(hWindow, EM_SETCHARFORMAT, SCF_SELECTION, (LPARAM)&cf);
}

void Superscript(HWND hWindow) {
    CHARFORMAT2 cf;
    cf.cbSize = sizeof(cf);
    cf.dwMask = CFM_SUPERSCRIPT;
    cf.dwEffects = CFM_SUPERSCRIPT;
    SendMessage(hWindow, EM_SETCHARFORMAT, SCF_SELECTION, (LPARAM)&cf);
}

...这是重置它：

void ResetSuperSubScript(HWND hWindow) {
    CHARFORMAT2 cf;
    cf.cbSize = sizeof(cf);
    cf.dwMask = CFM_SUPERSCRIPT | CFM_SUBSCRIPT;
    cf.dwEffects = 0;
    SendMessage(hWindow, EM_SETCHARFORMAT, SCF_SELECTION, (LPARAM)&cf);
}