如何使用代码在 Python 中制作永久文件？ - Repl.it

Question

我正在尝试使用代码为每个使用我的程序的新人创建两个文件。到目前为止，我有：

import os
playeritems = 'PlayerFiles/PlayerItems'
playergold = 'PlayerFiles/PlayerGold'
file_number = '7'
with open(os.path.join(playeritems, "inventory.%s.txt" % file_number), "w") as f, open(os.path.join(playergold, "gold.%s.txt" % file_number), "w") as g:
    #do stuff
with open(os.path.join(playeritems, "inventory.%s.txt" % file_number), "r"):
    #Fails to find the file.

但是在这段代码运行之后，这些文件就不再存在了。如何使文件在使用后永久存在？我查看了网站that briefs you on files,，但没有帮助。感谢您的时间和考虑！

错误发生在第二个 with 语句上。文件inventory.7.txt 不存在！

The entire code, if you want to take a look.

Answer 1

我一定是目录有问题，因为

with open("inventory.%s.txt" % file_number, "w") as f, open("gold.%s.txt" % file_number, "w") as g:

永久制作文件。我实际上不需要文件夹，所以我可以处理任何目录。

Answer 2

如果目录不存在则创建，makedirs 创建所有子目录

import os
playeritems = 'PlayerFiles/PlayerItems'
playergold = 'PlayerFiles/PlayerGold'

#check if directory exists else create new
if not os.path.exists(playeritems):
    os.makedirs(playeritems)
if not os.path.exists(playergold):
    os.makedirs(playergold)

file_number = '7'
with open(os.path.join(playeritems, "inventory.%s.txt" % file_number), "w") as f, open(os.path.join(playergold, "gold.%s.txt" % file_number), "w") as g:
    #do stuff
with open(os.path.join(playeritems, "inventory.%s.txt" % file_number), "r"):
    #will  find the file

Answer 3

我在这里看到的问题是文件给定路径中的目录尚不存在，您正在尝试使用“打开”动态创建它们，但是不可能这样做。

解决这个问题的方法是检查文件路径是否真的存在，如果存在则打开文件，如果不存在则创建目录和完整路径。

对于您的示例，代码如下：

import os
playeritems = str(os.getcwd())+'/PlayerFiles/PlayerItems/'
playergold = str(os.getcwd())+'/PlayerFiles/PlayerGold/'
file_number = '7'

#check if PlayerItem path exist, if not create directories that are needed
if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(playeritems)):
    try:
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(playeritems))
        print("created PlayerItem path")
    except OSError as exc: 
        if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
            raise
#check if PlayerGold Path exist, if not create directories that are needed
if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(playergold)):
    try:
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(playergold))
        print("created PlayerGold Path")
    except OSError as exc: 
        if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
            raise

with open(os.path.join(playeritems, "inventory.%s.txt" % file_number), "w") as f, open(os.path.join(playergold, "gold.%s.txt" % file_number), "w") as g:
    #do stuff
    print("inventoryfile and goldfile created!")
with open(os.path.join(playeritems, "inventory.%s.txt" % file_number), "r"):
    #do Stuff
    print("Reopened playeritem inventory file")

Answer 4

在我的测试中，这绝对是目录的问题。

如果文件的父目录不存在，Python 将拒绝创建该文件：

>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> my_dir = Path('directory_base')
>>> with open(my_dir / 'example.txt', 'w') as f:
>>>    f.write('Hi there!')

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'directory_base\\example.txt'

这很容易通过创建目录来解决。 pathlib.Path 对象有一个方便的方法称为 mkdir() 可以一次创建任何和所有父目录：

>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> my_dir = Path('directory_base')
>>> my_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
>>> with open(my_dir / 'example.txt', 'w') as f:
>>>    f.write('Hi there!')
>>> with open(my_dir / 'example.txt') as f:
>>>    print(f.read())

'Hi there!'

parents=True 表示应该创建任何和所有父目录，exist_ok 表示如果该目录已经存在，Python 不应该抛出异常。