Python Socket：只能将 str 而不是字节连接到 str。如何编码，这样它就不会给我这个错误？

Question

这是我的完整代码：它使用主机和端口的用户输入。

服务器端代码：

import socket
import subprocess, os

print("#####################")
print("# Python Port Maker #")
print("#                   #")
print("#'To Go Boldy Where'#")
print("#  No Other Python  #")
print("#      Has Gone     #")
print("#      By Riley     #")
print("#####################")

print(' [*] Be Sure To use https://github.com/Thman558/Just-A-Test/blob/master/socket%20client.py 
on the other machine')

host = input(" [*] What host would you like to use? ")
port = int(input(" [*] What port would you like to use? "))
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)  
server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) 
server_socket.bind((host, port))

server_socket.listen(5)  
print("\n[*] Listening on port " +str(port)+ ", waiting for connections.")

client_socket, (client_ip, client_port) = server_socket.accept()
print("[*] Client " +client_ip+ " connected.\n")

while True:
try:
    command = input(client_ip+ "> ")
    if(len(command.split()) != 0):
        client_socket.send(b'command')
    else:
        continue
except(EOFError):
        print("ERROR INPUT NOT FOUND. Please type 'help' to get a list of commands.\n")
        continue

if(command == "quit"):
    break

data = client_socket.recv(1024)
print(data + "\n")

client_socket.close()

又报错了：

print(:"Recieved Command : ' +command)
TypeError: can't concat str to bytes

当用户仅在给定命令时才连接时它工作正常，当此错误发生时不确定它是否可能是 data 变量，但此代码只是不想工作大声笑。这是我用来连接客户端的代码：

import socket
import subprocess, os

print("######################")
print("#                    #")
print("#     The Socket     #")
print("#     Connecter      #")
print("#                    #")
print("#     By Yo Boi      #")
print("#       Riley        #")
print("######################")

host = input("What host would you like to connect to? ")
port = int(input("What port is the server using? "))
connection_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
connection_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
connection_socket.connect((host, port))
print("\n[*] Connected to " +host+ " on port " +str(port)+ ".\n")

while True:

command = connection_socket.recv(1024)
split_command = command.split()
print("Received command : " +command)
if command == "quit":
    break

if(command.split()[0] == "cd"):
        if len(command.split()) == 1:
            connection_socket.send((os.getcwd()))
        elif len(command.split()) == 2:
            try:
                os.chdir(command.split()[1])
                connection_socket.send(("Changed directory to " +     os.getcwd()))
            except(WindowsError):
                connection_socket.send(str.encode("No such directory     : " +os.getcwd()))

else:
    proc = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True,        stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout_value = proc.stdout.read() + proc.stderr.read()
    print(stdout_value + "\n")
    if(stdout_value != ""):
        connection_socket.send(stdout_value)
    else:
        connection_socket.send(command+ " does not return anything")


connection_socket.close()

Answer 1

如果你打印type(data)，你会注意到它不是一个字符串而是一个字节实例。 要连接换行符，您可以这样写：

print(data + b"\n")

Answer 2

socket.recv(size) 返回一个字节对象，您尝试将其附加到字符串中，这会导致错误。 您可以通过在附加换行符之前执行 str(data , 'utf-8') 将套接字消息转换为字符串

print() 方法无论如何都会添加一个换行符，因此您可以只写 print(data) 就可以了

Answer 3

所以，除了数据类型不匹配之外，您的脚本还有很多错误。我会告诉你str 和byte 不匹配有什么问题。每当您将字符串转换为字节时，您都必须指定编码方法。不管怎样，我已经修复了你的脚本，剩下的事情就交给你了。 ;)

服务器脚本

import socket

print("#####################")
print("# Python Port Maker #")
print("#                   #")
print("#'To Go Boldy Where'#")
print("#  No Other Python  #")
print("#      Has Gone     #")
print("#      By Riley     #")
print("#####################")

print(' [*] Be Sure To use https://github.com/Thman558/Just-A-Test/blob/master/socket%20client.py on the other machine')

host = input(" [*] What host would you like to use? ")
port = int(input(" [*] What port would you like to use? "))

server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
server_socket.bind((host, port))

server_socket.listen(5)

print("\n[*] Listening on port " + str(port) + ", waiting for connections.")

client_socket, (client_ip, client_port) = server_socket.accept()
print("[*] Client " + client_ip + " connected.\n")

while True:
    try:
        command = input(client_ip + "> ")
        if len(command.split()) != 0:
            client_socket.send(bytes(command, 'utf-8'))
        else:
            continue
    except EOFError:
        print("ERROR INPUT NOT FOUND. Please type 'help' to get a list of commands.\n")
        continue

    if command == "quit":
        break

    data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode()
    print(data + "\n")

client_socket.close()

客户端脚本

import os
import socket
import subprocess

print("######################")
print("#                    #")
print("#     The Socket     #")
print("#     Connecter      #")
print("#                    #")
print("#     By Yo Boi      #")
print("#       Riley        #")
print("######################")

host = input("What host would you like to connect to? ")
port = int(input("What port is the server using? "))

connection_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
connection_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
connection_socket.connect((host, port))
print("\n[*] Connected to " + host + " on port " + str(port) + ".\n")

while True:
    print('\nWaiting for a command....')        
    command = connection_socket.recv(1024).decode()

    split_command = command.split()
    print("Received command : ", command)
    if command == "quit":
        break

    if command[:2] == "cd":
        if len(command.split()) == 1:
            connection_socket.send(bytes(os.getcwd(), 'utf-8'))
        elif len(command.split()) == 2:
            try:
                os.chdir(command.split()[1])
                connection_socket.send(bytes("Changed directory to " + os.getcwd(), 'utf-8'))
            except WindowsError:
                connection_socket.send(str.encode("No such directory     : " + os.getcwd()))

    else:
        proc = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
        stdout_value = proc.stdout.read() + proc.stderr.read()
        print(str(stdout_value) + "\n")
        if stdout_value != "":
            connection_socket.send(stdout_value)
        else:
            connection_socket.send(bytes(str(command) + ' does not return anything', 'utf-8'))

connection_socket.close()

提示：大多数错误都包括逻辑缺陷！