如何在 Python 代码的 Applescript 函数中使用全局变量

Question

如何在tell应用程序中从我的python脚本调用一个全局变量？这是可能去向的示例。假设我想从全局 python 变量中更改 AppleScript 外部的所有“前窗”。这怎么可能发生？

import subprocess

def get_window_title():
    cmd = """
        tell application "System Events"
            set frontApp to name of first application process whose frontmost is true
        end tell
        tell application frontApp
            if the (count of windows) is not 0 then
                set window_name to name of front window
            end if
        end tell
        return window_name
    """
    result = subprocess.run(['osascript', '-e', cmd], capture_output=True)
    return result.stdout

print(get_window_title())

Answer 1

这是一个更好的例子：

电话号码在第 7 行定义，在第 74 行输入。它在第 91 行从 applescript 内部调用。我想对来自第 98 行的 applescript 内部的消息执行相同的操作，就像电话号码能够做到的那样，而不是来自第 113 行（msg）。我想从 applescript 外部定义 msg 并像电话号码一样调用它。

import subprocess, sys
 from os import system, name
 from time import sleep


 msg = ""
 Phone_num = ""
 repeat = ""


 def Ascii():
     clear()
     print("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++.")
     print("++++++++++++++77       77I++++++++++++++")
     print("++++++++++77               77+++++++++++")
     print("========77                   77=========")
     print("=======7                       7========")
     print("======7                         7=======")
     print("=====7                           7======")
     print("=====                             ======")
     print("=====                             ======")
     print("=====                             ======")
     print(
         "=====7                           7======    _ __  __                                "
     )
     print(
         "~~~~~~7                         7~~~~~~~   (_)  \/  |                               "
     )
     print(
         "~~~~~~~7                       7~~~~~~~~    _| \  / | ___  ___ ___  __ _  __ _  ___ "
     )
     print(
         "~~~~~~~~77                   77~~~~~~~~~   | | |\/| |/ _ \/ __/ __|/ _` |/ _` |/ _ \ "
     )
     print(
         "~~~~~~~~~~77               77~~~~~~~~~~~   | | |  | |  __/\__ \__ \ (_| | (_| |  __/"
     )
     print(
         "~~~~~~~~~~~~   77     777I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~   |_|_|  |_|\___||___/___/\__,_|\__, |\___|"
     )
     print(
         "~~~~~~~~~~~ 7I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                  __/ |     "
     )
     print(
         "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.                                 |___/     "
     )
     print("\nWith Python!")
     sleep(3)


 def intro():
     clear()
     print("Welcome to iMessage for Python.\n")
     print(
         "This Adapts From The AppleScript and Uses Elements From Python to Send Automated Messages to Others.\n"
     )
     print('This Uses US Based Numbers "(+1)" Only.\n')

     print(
         "?[WARNING] By Agreeing to Use this Software, Any Liability Due to Misuse Will NOT be Placed On the Author. ?"
     )
     sleep(5)


 def clear():
     _ = system("clear")


 def questions():
     clear()
     global msg, Phone_num, repeat
     print('NO Dashes "-", Spaces "_", or parentheses"()"  or the script WILL Fail.')
     print("Input Ex:XXXXXXXXX\n")
     Phone_num = str(input("Enter Here:"))
     clear()
     print("What is Your Message?\n")
     msg = input("Enter Here:")
     clear()
     print("How Many Times do You Want to Send this Message?\n")
     repeat = input("Enter Here:")
     clear()


 def apple():

     applescript = (
         """
     tell application "Messages"
         
         set targetBuddy to "+1 """
         + Phone_num
         + """"
         set targetService to id of 1st service whose service type = iMessage
         set i to 1
         set p to "Sent" 
         repeat {0}
             
             set textMessage to "{1}"
             
             set theBuddy to buddy targetBuddy of service id targetService
             send textMessage to theBuddy
             delay 1
             
             log ("Repeated " & i &" Time(s).") 
             
             set i to i + 1
             
             
         end repeat
         
     end tell
     """.format(
             repeat, msg
         )
     )
     args = [
         item
         for x in [("-e", l.strip()) for l in applescript.split("\n") if l.strip() != ""]
         for item in x
     ]
     proc = subprocess.Popen(["osascript"] + args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
     progname = proc.stdout.read().strip()

Answer 2

您正在使用两种不同的方式以编程方式构建脚本字符串。一种方法使用连接，另一种方法使用字符串函数。使用其中一个可能不会那么混乱。

format 函数使用传递的参数来替换字符串中的占位符。使用索引格式，参数可以以任意顺序多次使用（或根本不使用），因此此方法在构建此类脚本时为您提供了更多的灵活性。例如：

msg = "This is a test."
Phone_num = "8761234"
repeat = "5"

applescript = (
"""
tell application "Messages"
   
   set targetBuddy to "+1 {0}"
   set targetService to id of 1st service whose service type = iMessage
   set i to 1
   set p to "Sent" 
   repeat {1}
      
      set textMessage to "{2}"
      
      set theBuddy to buddy targetBuddy of service id targetService
      send textMessage to theBuddy
      delay 1
      
      log ("Repeated " & i &" Time(s).") 
      
      set i to i + 1
   end repeat
end tell
""".format(Phone_num, repeat, msg)) # replace placeholders with variable values

print(applescript)

Answer 3

如果您想将参数传递给 AppleScript，以下是正确的方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import subprocess

scpt = """
on run {arg1, arg2}
    return arg1 + arg2
end run
"""

arg1 = 37
arg2 = 5

proc = subprocess.Popen(['osascript', '-', str(arg1), str(arg2)], 
    stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, encoding='utf8')

out, err = proc.communicate(scpt)
print(out) # 42

由于您使用的是 Python，因此您还可以选择py-applescript，即supported，或appscript，即not。如果您需要将复杂的参数传递给 AppleScript，py-applescript 库会自动在常见的 AS 和 Python 类型之间进行转换。 Appscript 完全避免使用 AppleScript，但您只能靠自己。