Discord.py 无法获得证书

Question

我是否必须在我的系统中安装/生成/下载新证书，或者我是否有可能以某种方式禁用 python 中的证书？ (ubuntu 18, python 3.7, discord.py latest)

[INFO]  [2019.03.05 - 22:58:02]   Initializing Discord...

SSL handshake failed on verifying the certificate
protocol: <asyncio.sslproto.SSLProtocol object at 0xf4a9f8ec>
transport: <_SelectorSocketTransport fd=12 read=polling write=<idle, bufsize=0>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./build/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 625, in _on_handshake_complete
  File "./build/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 189, in feed_ssldata
  File "./build/Lib/ssl.py", line 763, in do_handshake
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1051)

SSL error in data received
protocol: <asyncio.sslproto.SSLProtocol object at 0xf4a9f8ec>
transport: <_SelectorSocketTransport closing fd=12 read=idle write=<idle, bufsize=0>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./build/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 526, in data_received
  File "./build/Lib/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 189, in feed_ssldata
  File "./build/Lib/ssl.py", line 763, in do_handshake
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1051)

[ERROR] [2019.03.05 - 22:58:02]   
2019.03.05 - 22:58:02:
  Top:  file: [sv_custom.py], method: init()
  Root: file: [connector.py], line 974, cause: in _create_direct_connection [File "./../source/aiohttp.whl/aiohttp/connector.py", line 927, in _wrap_create_connection]
  aiohttp.client_exceptions.ClientConnectorCertificateError:
  Cannot connect to host discordapp.com:443 ssl:True [SSLCertVerificationError: (1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1051)')]

这是通过游戏客户端内部的 python 完成的。如果我从系统的 python (3.6) 中做同样的事情 - 没有错误，连接很好。 “他们说”这可能是因为游戏客户端没有看到“根证书”或类似的东西。

更新： 了解如何检查证书。

(with ssl error)
Initializing Discord...
DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile=None, capath=None, openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/local/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/local/ssl/certs')


(this works fine)
igor@Linbox:~/Downloads$ python3.6 -c "import ssl; print(ssl.get_default_verify_paths())"
DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile=None, capath='/usr/lib/ssl/certs', openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/lib/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/lib/ssl/certs')

猜我的问题是capath 是空的。

Answer 1

出乎意料，解决方案看起来很简单：

ssl.get_default_verify_paths() 用于带有 ssl 错误的 python 指向：openssl_capath='/usr/local/ssl/certs'，而系统中的“本机”python 显示 openssl_capath='/usr/lib/ssl/certs'。

DefaultVerifyPaths(
  cafile=None,
  capath=None,
  openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE',
  openssl_cafile='/usr/local/ssl/cert.pem',
  openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR',
  openssl_capath='/usr/local/ssl/certs'
)

我已经检查了两个位置： '/usr/local/' - 为空（没有 ssl/certs 文件夹） '/usr/lib/ssl/certs' 有一个指向 '/etc/ssl/certs' 的符号链接 所以我做了同样的符号链接： 在'/usr/local/' 里面添加了'/ssl/' + ln -s '/etc/ssl/certs' certs

然后我再次检查ssl.get_default_verify_paths()

DefaultVerifyPaths(
  cafile=None,
  capath='/usr/local/ssl/certs',  <-- not empty now
  openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE',
  openssl_cafile='/usr/local/ssl/cert.pem',
  openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR',
  openssl_capath='/usr/local/ssl/certs'
)

问题消失了。它现在正在工作。

Answer 2

根据https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py/issues/423，如果一个人进入python 文件夹并运行Install Certificates.command 它可以工作。

我试过了，确实有效。 希望这对您和我在 StackOverflow 的声誉都有帮助 :-)

Answer 3

除了@Igorz，我还打开了“/usr/local/ssl/cert.pem”文件并添加了我试图访问的网站的证书。您可以从here 获取有关如何获取这些证书的详细信息。