如何在 azure multi-turn QnA Bot Framework V4 中添加自定义提示或获取用户输入

Question

我正在使用 Bot Framework V4 构建一个机器人，其中我使用了多提示（多轮）QnA 服务。 我的要求是当用户到达最后一个问题或特定问题时，会出现一个自定义提示询问他/她的姓名并将值存储在数据库中。 我对如何使用对话框感到非常困惑。 请帮帮我。

Bot.cs

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Dialogs;
using Microsoft.Bot.Schema;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace Microsoft.BotBuilderSamples.Bots
{
    public class QnABot<T> : ActivityHandler where T : Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Dialogs.Dialog
    {
        protected readonly BotState ConversationState;
        protected readonly Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Dialogs.Dialog Dialog;
        protected readonly BotState UserState;

        public QnABot(ConversationState conversationState, UserState userState, T dialog)
        {
            ConversationState = conversationState;
            UserState = userState;
            Dialog = dialog;
        }

        public override async Task OnTurnAsync(ITurnContext turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
        {
            await base.OnTurnAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken);
            if (turnContext.Activity.Type == ActivityTypes.Message)
            {

            }

            // Save any state changes that might have occured during the turn.
            await ConversationState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, false, cancellationToken);
            await UserState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, false, cancellationToken);
        }
        private static async Task SendIntroCardAsync(ITurnContext turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var card = new HeroCard();
            card.Title = "Hi! I am your personnel Chatbot.";
            card.Text = @"How can I help you today, you can choose from menu and get started.";
            card.Buttons = new List<CardAction>()
            {
            new CardAction(ActionTypes.PostBack, "Looking for New Services", value: "selected: Looking for New Services"),
            new CardAction(ActionTypes.PostBack, "Looking for Maintenance work", value: "selected: Looking for Maintenance work"),
            new CardAction(ActionTypes.PostBack, "Need Technical Support", value: "selected: Need Technical Support"),
            };

            var response = MessageFactory.Attachment(card.ToAttachment());
            await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(response, cancellationToken);
        }

        protected override async Task OnMessageActivityAsync(ITurnContext<IMessageActivity> turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
            // Run the Dialog with the new message Activity.
            await Dialog.RunAsync(turnContext, ConversationState.CreateProperty<DialogState>(nameof(DialogState)), cancellationToken);

        protected override async Task OnMembersAddedAsync(IList<ChannelAccount> membersAdded, ITurnContext<IConversationUpdateActivity> turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            foreach (var member in membersAdded)
            {
                if (member.Id != turnContext.Activity.Recipient.Id)
                {
                    await SendIntroCardAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

RootDialog.cs

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.AI.QnA;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.AI.QnA.Dialogs;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Dialogs;

namespace Microsoft.BotBuilderSamples.Dialog
{
    /// <summary>
    /// This is an example root dialog. Replace this with your applications.
    /// </summary>
    public class RootDialog : ComponentDialog
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// QnA Maker initial dialog
        /// </summary>
        private const string InitialDialog = "initial-dialog";

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RootDialog"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="services">Bot Services.</param>
        public RootDialog(IBotServices services)
            : base("root")
        {
            AddDialog(new QnAMakerBaseDialog(services));

            AddDialog(new WaterfallDialog(InitialDialog)
               .AddStep(InitialStepAsync));

            // The initial child Dialog to run.
            InitialDialogId = InitialDialog;
        }

        private async Task<DialogTurnResult> InitialStepAsync(WaterfallStepContext stepContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            return await stepContext.BeginDialogAsync(nameof(QnAMakerDialog), null, cancellationToken);
        }
    }
}

QnAMakerBaseDialog.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.AI.QnA;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.AI.QnA.Dialogs;
using Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Dialogs;
using Microsoft.Bot.Schema;

namespace Microsoft.BotBuilderSamples.Dialog
{
    /// <summary>
    /// QnAMaker action builder class
    /// </summary>
    public class QnAMakerBaseDialog : QnAMakerDialog
    {
        // Dialog Options parameters
        public const string DefaultNoAnswer = "No QnAMaker answers found.";
        public const string DefaultCardTitle = "Did you mean:";
        public const string DefaultCardNoMatchText = "None of the above.";
        public const string DefaultCardNoMatchResponse = "Thanks for the feedback.";

        private readonly IBotServices _services;

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="QnAMakerBaseDialog"/> class.
        /// Dialog helper to generate dialogs.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="services">Bot Services.</param>
        public QnAMakerBaseDialog(IBotServices services): base()
        {
            this._services = services;
        }

        protected async override Task<IQnAMakerClient> GetQnAMakerClientAsync(DialogContext dc)
        {
            return this._services?.QnAMakerService;
        }

        protected override Task<QnAMakerOptions> GetQnAMakerOptionsAsync(DialogContext dc)
        {
            return Task.FromResult(new QnAMakerOptions
            {
                ScoreThreshold = DefaultThreshold,
                Top = DefaultTopN,
                QnAId = 0,
                RankerType = "Default",
                IsTest = false
            });
        }

        protected async override Task<QnADialogResponseOptions> GetQnAResponseOptionsAsync(DialogContext dc)
        {
            var noAnswer = (Activity)Activity.CreateMessageActivity();
            noAnswer.Text = DefaultNoAnswer;

            var cardNoMatchResponse = (Activity)MessageFactory.Text(DefaultCardNoMatchResponse);


            var responseOptions = new QnADialogResponseOptions
            {
                ActiveLearningCardTitle = DefaultCardTitle,
                CardNoMatchText = DefaultCardNoMatchText,
                NoAnswer = noAnswer,
                CardNoMatchResponse = cardNoMatchResponse,
            };

            return responseOptions;
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

您可以参考this 文档，其中指定了如何创建您自己的提示来收集用户输入。机器人与用户之间的对话通常涉及向用户询问（提示）信息、解析用户的响应，然后根据该信息采取行动。

该文档基于示例44.prompt-users-for-input。 机器人维护对话状态以跟踪和引导对话并询问用户问题。机器人维护用户状态以跟踪用户的答案。

希望这会有所帮助！