我在使用 Selenium 制作类似 Instagram 的机器人时遇到问题

Question

我在使用 Selenium 制作类似 Instagram 的机器人时遇到了问题。 如果喜欢，我正在尝试编写通过图片的代码，但它不起作用。 这是我的代码：

    def Like_photoTags_and_commnet(self,hashtag,comment):

    driver=self.driver
    driver.get("https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/" + hashtag + "/")
    time.sleep(2)

    pic_hrefs = []
    for i in range(1,3):
        driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0,document.scrollHeight);")
        time.sleep(2)
    #searching for pictures link
        hrefs_in_view = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('a')
        # finding relevant hrefs
        hrefs_in_view = [elem.get_attribute('href') for elem in hrefs_in_view
                         if '.com/p/' in elem.get_attribute('href')]
        # building list of unique photos
        [pic_hrefs.append(href) for href in hrefs_in_view if href not in pic_hrefs]
        print("Check: pic href length " + str(len(pic_hrefs)))

        for pics in pic_hrefs:
            driver.get(pics)
            #if picture liked then continue
            if driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button/span[@aria-label='UnLike']"):
                continue
            else:
                driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button/span[@aria-label='Like']").click()

            if comment in driver.page_source:
                continue
            else:
                driver.find_element_by_class_name("Ypffh").click()
                for letter in comment:
                    driver.find_element_by_class_name("Ypffh").send_keys(letter)
                    time.sleep(random.randint(1,2))
                driver.find_element_by_class_name("Ypffh").send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
                time.sleep(5)

我在控制台中收到此错误。 问题出在第 52 行。你们有什么建议吗？

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/behro/PycharmProjects/untitled/Test.py", line 52, in Like_photoTags_and_commnet
    if driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button/span[@aria-label='UnLike']"):
  File "C:\Users\behro\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 394, in find_element_by_xpath
    return self.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=xpath)
  File "C:\Users\behro\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 978, in find_element
    'value': value})['value']
  File "C:\Users\behro\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Users\behro\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"xpath","selector":"//button/span[@aria-label='UnLike']"}
  (Session info: chrome=74.0.3729.157)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=74.0.3729.6 (255758eccf3d244491b8a1317aa76e1ce10d57e9-refs/branch-heads/3729@{#29}),platform=Windows NT 10.0.17763 x86_64)

Answer 1

您正在尝试查找不存在的元素！因此错误：

NoSuchElementException：消息：没有这样的元素

所以你可以使用try 和except。

for pics in pic_hrefs:
    driver.get(pics)
    #if picture liked then continue
    try:
        driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button/span[@aria-label='UnLike']"):
    except NoSuchElementException:
        driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button/span[@aria-label='Like']").click()

别忘了导入：from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException

现在关于您的sleep，您应该改用WebDriverWait。

希望对您有所帮助！

Answer 2

此处提供了一个寻找主题标签关注者的示例工作。为了完全自动化，去我的 github 页面吧。这仅用于信息和学习目的，因此如果对“找不到类”或“找不到元素”有任何问题，只需更改检查元素并更改标签/类名。这是因为他们不断更改路径和名称.

https://www.github.com/deshwalmahesh

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
import time
import random
from random import randint
import os


def update_file():
    with open('hashtags.txt') as f:
        main_list=f.read().splitlines()

    return(main_list)

def format(num):
    x=num.replace(',','')
    num=int(x)
    if num>999 and num<=999999:
        x=num%1000
        y=num//1000
        return(str(y)+'.'+str(x)[0]+'K')
    elif num>999999:
        x=num%1000000
        y=num//1000000
        return (str(y) + '.' + str(x)[0] + ' M')
    else: return (num)



br=webdriver.Chrome()
br.get('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/')
time.sleep(5)
br.find_element_by_name('username').send_keys('username')
br.find_element_by_name('password').send_keys('password',Keys.ENTER)
time.sleep(5)

main_list=update_file()
count=0
while True:
    try:
        br.get('https://www.instagram.com')
        time.sleep(3)
        if "Turn on" in br.page_source:
            x=br.find_element_by_class_name('mt3GC')
            a=x.find_elements_by_tag_name('button')
            a[1].click()
            time.sleep(2)
        for i in range(count,len(main_list)):
            tag=(str(main_list[i]))
            a=tag.strip()
            tag=a.lower()
            a=tag.replace(' ','')
            tag=a.replace('\n','')
            a=tag.replace('\t','')
            br.get('https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/'+a)
            print(a)
            time.sleep(7)
            find=br.find_elements_by_xpath("//*[@class='g47SY ']")
            time.sleep(2)
            posts=find[0].text
            post=format(posts)
            print(post)
            with open('posts.txt', 'a') as f:
                x = str(post)
                f.write('%s\n' % x)

            with open('tags.txt', 'a') as f:
                x = '#'+a
                f.write('%s\n' % x)     

        time.sleep(3)

        count+=1

    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        pass