加载 MySQLdb 模块和“pip install MySQLdb”时出错

Question

我正在尝试启动一个 Django 项目。

我在尝试运行 manage.py 时收到此错误：

(venv)dyn-160-39-161-214:proj Bren$ python manage.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 354, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 328, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
    app_config.import_models(all_models)
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 41, in <module>
    class Permission(models.Model):
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 139, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 324, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 250, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 36, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 241, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 112, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 27, in <module>
    raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb

我想知道我应该尝试安装什么模块。

当我使用pip install MySQLdb 时出现此错误：

    Collecting MySQLdb
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement MySQLdb (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for MySQLdb

当我在 SO 和其他地方查找此内容时，似乎那里有很多不同的 mysql 模块。

这也是我为 DB 设置的样子（我没有写这个项目，而且对 django 和 python 很陌生）：

    DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

...

    }
}

EdBaker 建议pip install MySQL-python

我收到了这样的回复：

Collecting MySQL-python   Using cached MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    sh: mysql_config: command not found
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 20, in <module>
      File "/private/var/folders/m3/11zknyw55zxbw6zqh58rwq580000gn/T/pip-build-DC9tSL/MySQL-python/setup.py", line 17, in <module>
        metadata, options = get_config()
      File "setup_posix.py", line 43, in get_config
        libs = mysql_config("libs_r")
      File "setup_posix.py", line 25, in mysql_config
        raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (mysql_config.path,))
    EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found

    ---------------------------------------- Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/m3/11zknyw55zxbw6zqh58rwq580000gn/T/pip-build-DC9tSL/MySQL-python

尝试在 shell 中运行 import MySQLdb：

[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.39)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import MySQLdb
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named MySQLdb

正在尝试升级 pip：

pip install pip --upgrade

显示 pip 是最新的

Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /Users/Bren/Desktop/fss/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages

Answer 1

显然安装pip install MySQL-python 是要走的路。问题在于 mysql_config 的位置。看看这里，这可能会对您有所帮助，具体取决于您的操作系统：mysql_config not found when installing mysqldb python interface

编辑：

如果安装脚本失败并显示Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in {...}，请使用

安装 libmysqlclient-dev

sudo apt install libmysqlclient-dev

应该解决这个问题。感谢@thirupathi-thangavel。

Answer 2

brew安装mysql

安装完成后会显示路径，在下面的命令中使用：

sudo PATH=/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/bin/:$PATH pip install mysql-python

Answer 3

如果上述方法不起作用，请尝试

mysql客户端

pip install mysqlclient

我没有使用 python 版本(3.9) 找到上述库，我安装了 mysqlclient，它运行良好。

Answer 4

我在这里关注了我的问题404 error when using brew to install mysql

然后按照 fodma1 的建议去这里 stackoverflow.com/a/33928783/2419215

现在它大部分都可以工作了（还有另一个错误，但那是另一个帖子）！

感谢 EdBaker 和 fodma1！