如果您正在编写单元测试,那么您不想测试第三方 API。因此,目标应该是隔离您的代码逻辑并对其进行测试。端到端测试最适合对您的集成进行回归测试。
所以这里的第一步是从图片中删除firebase-functions 和数据库 SDK 之类的工具(尽可能合理)。我通过将我的库与函数逻辑分开来实现这一点,如下所示:
// functions/lib/http.js
exports.httpFunction = (req, res) => {
res.send(`Hello ${req.data.foo}`);
};
// functions/index.js
const http = require('lib/http');
const functions = require('firebase-functions');
// we have decoupled the Functions invocation from the method
// so the method can be tested without including the functions lib!
functions.https.onRequest(http.httpFunction);
现在我有很好的隔离逻辑,可以通过单元测试进行测试。我模拟任何将传递给我的方法的参数,从图片中删除第三方 API。
这就是我在 Jasmine 中的单元测试的样子:
// spec/lib/http.spec.js
const http = require('../functions/lib/http');
describe('functions/lib/http', () => {
expect('send to be called with "hello world"', () => {
// first thing to do is mock req and res objects
const req = {data: {foo: 'world'}};
const res = {send: (s) => {});
// now let's monitor res.send to make sure it gets called
spyOn(res, 'send').and.callThrough();
// now run it
http.httpFunction(req, res);
// new test it
expect(res.send).toHaveBeenCalledWith("Hello world");
});
});
测试第三方库有很多复杂性。最好的答案是尽早应用 TDD/BDD 原则并将第三方库抽象到可以轻松模拟的服务中。
例如,如果我在我的函数中与 Firebase 管理员交互,我很容易得到一个需要处理大量第三方依赖项的方法:
// functions/lib/http.js
const functions = require('firebase-functions');
const admin = require('firebase-admin');
const env = require('./env');
const serviceAccount = require(env.serviceAccountPath);
admin.initializeApp({
credential: admin.credential.cert(serviceAccount),
databaseURL: `https://${env.dbUrl}.firebaseio.com`
});
exports.httpFunction = (req, res) => {
let path = null;
let data = null;
// this is what I really want to test--my logic!
if( req.query.foo ) {
path = 'foo';
data = 1;
}
// but there's this third library party coupling :(
if( path !== null ) {
let ref = admin.database.ref().child(path);
return ref.set(data)
.then(() => res.send('done'))
.catch(e => res.status(500).send(e));
}
else {
res.status(500).send('invalid query');
}
};
要测试这个示例,我必须包含并初始化 Functions 以及 Firebase Admin SDK,否则我必须找到模拟这些服务的方法。所有这些看起来都是一项相当大的工作。相反,我可以有一个 DataStore 抽象并利用它:
// An interface for the DataStore abstraction
// This is where my Firebase logic would go, neatly packaged
// and decoupled
class DataStore {
set: (path, data) => {
// This is the home for admin.database.ref(path).set(data);
}
}
// An interface for the HTTPS abstraction
class ResponseHandler {
success: (message) => { /* res.send(message); */ }
fail: (error) => { /* res.status(500).send(error); */ }
}
如果我现在添加从函数过程中抽象逻辑的第一个原则,那么我的布局如下所示:
// functions/lib/http.js
exports.httpFunction = (query, responseHandler, dataStore) => {
if( query.foo ) {
return dataStore.set('foo', 1)
.then(() => responseHandler.success())
.catch(e => responseHandler.fail(e));
}
else {
responseHandler.fail('invalid query');
}
};
允许我编写一个更优雅的单元测试:
// spec/lib/http
describe('functions/lib/http', () => {
expect('is successful if "foo" parameter is passed', () => {
// first thing to do is mock req and res objects
const query = {foo: 'bar'};
const responseHandler = {success: () => {}, fail: () => {});
const dataStore = {set: () => {return Promise.resolve()}};
// now let's monitor the results
spyOn(responseHandler, 'success');
// now run it
http.httpFunction(query, responseHandler, dataStore);
// new test it
expect(res.success).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
});
我的代码的其余部分也不错:
// functions/lib/firebase.datastore.js
// A centralized place for our third party lib!
// Less mocking and e2e testing!
const functions = require('firebase-functions');
const admin = require('firebase-admin');
const serviceAccount = require(env.serviceAccountPath);
admin.initializeApp({
credential: admin.credential.cert(serviceAccount),
databaseURL: `https://${env.dbUrl}.firebaseio.com`
});
exports.set = (path, data) => {
return admin.database.ref(path).set(data);
};
// functions/index.js
const functions = require('firebase-functions');
const dataStore = require('./lib/firebase.datastore');
const ResponseHandler = require('./lib/express.responseHandler');
const env = require('./env');
const http = require('./lib/http');
dataStore.initialize(env);
exports.httpFunction = (req, res) => {
const handler = new ResponseHandler(res);
return http.httpFunction(req.query, handler, dataStore);
};
更不用说从良好的 BDD 心态开始,我还以模块化的方式很好地隔离了我的项目的组件,当我们发现第 2 阶段的所有范围蔓延时,这将是一件好事。:)