React/TypeScript：使用附加属性扩展组件

Question

我正在尝试使用 react 来重新创建我的当前组件（用纯打字稿编写），但我找不到一种方法来为扩展另一个组件的组件提供额外的道具。

export interface DataTableProps {
    columns: any[];
    data: any[];
}

export class DataTable extends React.Component<DataTableProps, {}> {
   render() {
       // -- I can use this.props.columns and this.props.data --
   }
}

export class AnimalTable extends DataTable {
    render() {
       // -- I would need to use a this.props.onClickFunction -- 
    }
}

我的问题是我需要给 AnimalTable 一些与 DataTable 无关的道具。我怎样才能做到这一点 ？

Answer 1

您需要将DataTable 设为通用，以便您能够使用扩展DataTableProps 的接口：

export interface AnimalTableProps extends DataTableProps {
    onClickFunction: Function;
}

export class DataTable<T extends DataTableProps> extends React.Component<T, {}> { }

export class AnimalTable extends DataTable<AnimalTableProps> {
    render() {
        // this.props.onClickFunction should be available
    }
}

Answer 2

对于那些需要的人，基类可以声明所有实例必须实现的必需/​​抽象方法：

import { Component } from 'react'


abstract class TestComponent<P = {}, S = {}, SS = any> extends Component<P, S, SS> {
  abstract test(): string
}


type Props = {
  first: string,
  last: string,
}

type State = {
  fullName: string,
}

class MyTest extends TestComponent<Props, State> {
  constructor(props: Props) {
    super(props)
    this.state = {
      fullName: `${props.first} ${props.last}`
    }
  }

  test() {
    const { fullName } = this.state
    return fullName
  }
}

Answer 3

我发现的最优雅的解决方案（没有额外的泛型类）是

interface IBaseProps {
    name: string;
}

class Base<P> extends React.Component<P & IBaseProps, {}>{

}

interface IChildProps extends IBaseProps {
    id: number;
}

class Child extends Base<IChildProps> {
    render(): JSX.Element {
        return (
            <div>
                {this.props.id}
                {this.props.name} 
            </div>
        );
    }
}

Answer 4

根据经验，最好避免继承。幸运的是 TS 和 react 是很好的工具（例如，与 c# 不同，继承通常会为您节省一堆样板文件）

export interface DataTableProps {
    columns: any[];
    data: any[];
}

export class DataTable extends React.Component<DataTableProps, {}> {
   render() {
       // -- I can use this.props.columns and this.props.data --
   }
}

export type AnimalTableProps = DataTableProps & {
    onClickFunction: () => void;
};

export class AnimalTable extends React.Component<AnimalTableProps, {}> {
    render() {
        const {onClickFunction, ...tableProps} = this.props;
        // use onClickFunction however you need it
        return <DataTable {...tableProps}></DataTable>
    }
}

Answer 5

创建可以扩展和维护状态和道具的组件的完整示例

import { Component } from "react";

// Props for the Base Component
export interface BaseComponentProps { }

// State for the Base Component
export interface BaseComponentState {
    isLoaded?: boolean
}

// The Base Component that your components can extend
export class BaseComponent<Props extends BaseComponentProps, State extends BaseComponentState, SS = any> extends Component<Props, State, SS> {

    State: BaseComponentState = {
        isLoaded: false
    }

    constructor(props: Props) {
        super(props);
    }

    componentDidMount() {
        this.setState({ isLoaded: true })
    }
}

// Props for your specialized component
export interface MainComponentProps extends BaseComponentProps {

}

// State for your specialized component
export interface MainComponentState extends BaseComponentState {
    CanRead: boolean
}

// Your component which now extends the BaseComponent
export class MainComponent extends BaseComponent<MainComponentProps, MainComponentState> {
    state: MainComponentState = {
        CanRead: false
    }

    componentDidMount() {
        super.componentDidMount();

        if (this.state.isLoaded) {
            this.setState({ CanRead: true })
        }
    }
}