在 keras 的 CPU 上并行训练多个神经网络

Question

我想在 CPU 上并行训练数十个小型神经网络 在带有 Tensorflow 后端的 Keras 中。 默认情况下，Tensorflow 在训练单个 nn 时将批次拆分为核心，但我的平均核心利用率仅为 50% 左右。 因此，将神经网络的完整训练分配给核心似乎是一个好主意，这样可以减少移动的数据。

我似乎找不到如何指定这些操作。

另请注意，神经网络具有不同的架构，因此将所有内容组合到一个图形中会导致矩阵更稀疏且速度更慢 执行。

Answer 1

完成这项工作有一些关键点：

• 使用进程，而不是线程。线程将导致异步执行，但不是并行的，因此只会使用一个 CPU 内核。
• 出于实际目的，构建、编译和拟合神经网络应在同一过程中进行。
• 对于每个进程，需要初始化一个单独的张量流图和会话。
• 训练网络后，您可能希望将它们序列化以备后用。重要的是使用 Keras 的 model.save(file_name)，而不是常规的酸洗。

实施：

扩展pythonProcess类：

from keras.layers import Dense
from keras.models import Sequential
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
import tensorflow as tf

from train_val_set import TrainValSet


class NNProcess(Process):
    def __init__(self, process_id: int, nr_nets: int, ret_queue: Queue):
        super(NNProcess, self).__init__()
        self.process_id = process_id
        self.neural_nets = []
        self.train_val_set = None
        self.nr_nets = nr_nets
        self.ret_queue = ret_queue

    def set_train_val(self, train_val_set: TrainValSet):
        self.train_val_set = train_val_set

    def get_session_config(self):
        num_cores = 1
        num_CPU = 1
        num_GPU = 0

        config = tf.ConfigProto(intra_op_parallelism_threads=num_cores,
                                inter_op_parallelism_threads=num_cores, allow_soft_placement=False,
                                device_count={'CPU': num_CPU, 'GPU': num_GPU})

        return config

    def run(self):
        print("process " + str(self.process_id) + " starting...")

        with tf.Session(graph=tf.Graph(), config=self.get_session_config()) as session:
            self.init_nets()
            self.compile()
            self.fit_nets(self.train_val_set)
            for i in range(0, self.nr_nets):
                file_name = self.neural_nets[i].name + "_" + str(i) + ".pickle"
                self.neural_nets[i].save(file_name)
                self.ret_queue.put(file_name)
        print("process " + str(self.process_id) + " finished.")

    def compile(self):
        for neural_net in self.neural_nets:
            neural_net.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
                          optimizer='sgd',
                          metrics=['accuracy'])

    def init_nets(self):
        for i in range(0, self.nr_nets):
            model = Sequential()
            model.add(Dense(units=64, activation='relu', input_dim=100))
            model.add(Dense(units=10, activation='softmax'))
            self.neural_nets.append(model)

    def fit_nets(self, train_val_set: TrainValSet):
        for i in range(0, self.nr_nets):
            self.neural_nets[i].fit()

助手类：

from pandas import DataFrame


class TrainValSet:
    def __init__(self, df_train: DataFrame, df_val: DataFrame):
        self.x_train, self.y_train = self.get_x_y(df_train)
        self.x_val, self.y_val = self.get_x_y(df_val)

    def get_x_y(self, df: DataFrame):
        X = df.iloc[:, 0:-1].values
        y = df.iloc[:, -1].values

        return X, y

主文件：

import pandas as pd
from multiprocessing import Manager
import tensorflow as tf
from keras import backend as K

from train_val_set import TrainValSet
from nn_process import NNProcess


def load_train_val_test_datasets(dataset_dir: str, dataset_name: str):
    df_train = pd.read_csv(dataset_dir + dataset_name + "/" + dataset_name + "_train.csv", header=None)
    df_val = pd.read_csv(dataset_dir + dataset_name + "/" + dataset_name + "_val.csv", header=None)
    df_test = pd.read_csv(dataset_dir + dataset_name + "/" + dataset_name + "_test.csv", header=None)

    return df_train, df_val, df_test


# config for prediction and evaluation only
def get_session_config(num_cores):
    num_CPU = 1
    num_GPU = 0

    config = tf.ConfigProto(intra_op_parallelism_threads=num_cores,
                            inter_op_parallelism_threads=num_cores, allow_soft_placement=True,
                            device_count={'CPU': num_CPU, 'GPU': num_GPU})

    return config


def train_test(nr_nets: int, nr_processes: int):
    df_train, df_val, df_test = load_train_val_test_datasets('MNIST')
    train_val_set = TrainValSet(df_train, df_val)
    nets_per_proc = int(nr_nets/nr_processes)

    nn_queue = Manager().Queue()

    processes = []

    for i in range(0, nr_processes):
        nn_process = NNProcess(i, nets_per_proc, nn_queue)
        nn_process.set_train_val(train_val_set)
        processes.append(nn_process)

    for nn_process in processes:
        nn_process.start()

    for nn_process in processes:
        nn_process.join()

    tf_session = tf.Session(config=get_session_config(4))
    K.set_session(tf_session)

    # ...
    # load neural nets from files
    # do predictions