下面的大多数库应该是语义相似度比较的不错选择。您可以通过使用这些库中的预训练模型生成单词或句子向量来跳过直接的单词比较。
与Spacy的句子相似度
必须先加载所需的模型。
如需使用en_core_web_md,请使用python -m spacy download en_core_web_md 下载。对于使用en_core_web_lg,请使用python -m spacy download en_core_web_lg。
大型模型的写入约为 830mb 并且速度很慢,因此中型模型可能是一个不错的选择。
https://spacy.io/usage/vectors-similarity/
代码:
import spacy
nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_lg")
#nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_md")
doc1 = nlp(u'the person wear red T-shirt')
doc2 = nlp(u'this person is walking')
doc3 = nlp(u'the boy wear red T-shirt')
print(doc1.similarity(doc2))
print(doc1.similarity(doc3))
print(doc2.similarity(doc3))
输出:
0.7003971105290047
0.9671912343259517
0.6121211244876517
与Sentence Transformers的句子相似度
https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers
https://www.sbert.net/docs/usage/semantic_textual_similarity.html
使用pip install -U sentence-transformers 安装。这个生成句子嵌入。
代码:
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
model = SentenceTransformer('distilbert-base-nli-mean-tokens')
sentences = [
'the person wear red T-shirt',
'this person is walking',
'the boy wear red T-shirt'
]
sentence_embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
for sentence, embedding in zip(sentences, sentence_embeddings):
print("Sentence:", sentence)
print("Embedding:", embedding)
print("")
输出:
Sentence: the person wear red T-shirt
Embedding: [ 1.31643847e-01 -4.20616418e-01 ... 8.13076794e-01 -4.64620918e-01]
Sentence: this person is walking
Embedding: [-3.52878094e-01 -5.04286848e-02 ... -2.36091137e-01 -6.77282438e-02]
Sentence: the boy wear red T-shirt
Embedding: [-2.36365378e-01 -8.49713564e-01 ... 1.06414437e+00 -2.70157874e-01]
现在嵌入向量可用于计算各种相似度指标。
代码:
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer, util
print(util.pytorch_cos_sim(sentence_embeddings[0], sentence_embeddings[1]))
print(util.pytorch_cos_sim(sentence_embeddings[0], sentence_embeddings[2]))
print(util.pytorch_cos_sim(sentence_embeddings[1], sentence_embeddings[2]))
输出:
tensor([[0.4644]])
tensor([[0.9070]])
tensor([[0.3276]])
scipy 和 pytorch 也一样,
代码:
from scipy.spatial import distance
print(1 - distance.cosine(sentence_embeddings[0], sentence_embeddings[1]))
print(1 - distance.cosine(sentence_embeddings[0], sentence_embeddings[2]))
print(1 - distance.cosine(sentence_embeddings[1], sentence_embeddings[2]))
输出:
0.4643629193305969
0.9069876074790955
0.3275738060474396
代码:
import torch.nn
cos = torch.nn.CosineSimilarity(dim=0, eps=1e-6)
b = torch.from_numpy(sentence_embeddings)
print(cos(b[0], b[1]))
print(cos(b[0], b[2]))
print(cos(b[1], b[2]))
输出:
tensor(0.4644)
tensor(0.9070)
tensor(0.3276)
与TFHub Universal Sentence Encoder的句子相似度
https://tfhub.dev/google/universal-sentence-encoder/4
https://colab.research.google.com/github/tensorflow/hub/blob/master/examples/colab/semantic_similarity_with_tf_hub_universal_encoder.ipynb
这个模型非常大,大约 1GB,看起来比其他模型慢。这也会为句子生成嵌入。
代码:
import tensorflow_hub as hub
embed = hub.load("https://tfhub.dev/google/universal-sentence-encoder/4")
embeddings = embed([
"the person wear red T-shirt",
"this person is walking",
"the boy wear red T-shirt"
])
print(embeddings)
输出:
tf.Tensor(
[[ 0.063188 0.07063895 -0.05998802 ... -0.01409875 0.01863449
0.01505797]
[-0.06786212 0.01993554 0.03236153 ... 0.05772103 0.01787272
0.01740014]
[ 0.05379306 0.07613157 -0.05256693 ... -0.01256405 0.0213196
-0.00262441]], shape=(3, 512), dtype=float32)
代码:
from scipy.spatial import distance
print(1 - distance.cosine(embeddings[0], embeddings[1]))
print(1 - distance.cosine(embeddings[0], embeddings[2]))
print(1 - distance.cosine(embeddings[1], embeddings[2]))
输出:
0.15320375561714172
0.8592830896377563
0.09080004692077637
其他句子嵌入库
https://github.com/facebookresearch/InferSent
https://github.com/Tiiiger/bert_score
此图显示方法,
资源
How to compute the similarity between two text documents?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosine_similarity#Angular_distance_and_similarity
https://towardsdatascience.com/word-distance-between-word-embeddings-cc3e9cf1d632
https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-0.14.0/reference/generated/scipy.spatial.distance.cosine.html
https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/losses/CosineSimilarity
https://nlp.town/blog/sentence-similarity/