python selenium，如何使用 css 选择器分隔函数

Question

我正在尝试将我的脚本分成不同的函数（因此更容易重复使用部分）但是当我这样做时，selenium 似乎无法找到 css 选择器。

文件夹结构：

• Startup.py
• Webdriver 文件夹
  • 包含 init.py
  • 和 login.py

startup.py

from selenium import webdriver
from webtesting import login

def browser(usernamefield, passwordfield, loginbutton):
    print 'Starting up Firefox'
    browser = webdriver.Firefox()
    print 'browsing to websiteadress'
    browser.get('websiteadress')
    login.loginsteps(usernamefield, passwordfield, loginbutton)

usernamefield = '#login-username'
passwordfield = 'input.input-default:nth-child(5)'
loginbutton = '.button'

if __name__=='__main__':
    browser(usernamefield,passwordfield,loginbutton)

login.py

def loginsteps(usernamefield, passwordfield, loginbutton):
    try:
        userlogin = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(usernamefield)
        print 'found <%s> element with that class name!' % (userlogin)
    except:
        print 'Was not able to find an element <%s> with that name.' % (usernamefield)
    try:
        userpass = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(passwordfield)
        print 'found <%s> element with that class name!' % (userpass)
    except:
        print 'Was not able to find an element <%s> with that name.' % (passwordfield)
    try:
        logincss = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(loginbutton)
        print 'found <%s> element with that class name!' % (logincss)
        except:
            print 'Was not able to click login.'
    except:
        print 'Was not able to find login element.'

现在，如果我运行它，浏览器会启动，但我在 css 选择器上遇到异常，因此它无法在浏览器会话中正确运行第二个函数。

在终端打印：

• 启动 Firefox
• 浏览到网站地址
• 找不到具有该名称的元素 。
• 找不到元素 用那个名字。
• 找不到登录元素。

但是，当我在一个函数中测试运行它时，它确实可以工作。

from selenium import webdriver

def browser(usernamefield, passwordfield, loginbutton):
    print 'Starting up Firefox'
    browser = webdriver.Firefox()
    print 'browsing to website'
    browser.get('webadress')
    #login.loginsteps(usernamefield, passwordfield, loginbutton)
    try:
        userlogin = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(usernamefield)
        print 'found usernamefield element with that class name!'
    except:
        print 'Was not able to find an element <%s> with that name.' % (usernamefield)
    try:
        userpass = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(passwordfield)
        print 'found userpass element with that class name!'
    except:
        print 'Was not able to find an element <%s> with that name.' % (passwordfield)
    try:
        logincss = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(loginbutton)
        print 'found loginbutton element with that class name!'
    except:
        print 'Was not able to find login element.'

usernamefield = '#login-username'
passwordfield = 'input.input-default:nth-child(5)'
loginbutton = '.button'

if __name__=='__main__':
    startup.browser(usernamefield,passwordfield,loginbutton)

这个返回值确实有效，但是在这个场景中，我无法从这个脚本的各个部分创建单独的函数，把它变成一个大意大利面。

• 启动 Firefox
• 浏览网站
• 找到具有该类名称的 usernamefield 元素！
• 找到具有该类名称的 userpass 元素！
• 找到具有该类名的 loginbutton 元素！

如何使 python selenium 与单独的函数一起工作？ 就像在当前设置中一样，我将不得不复制我的脚本而不是能够重用代码....

Answer 1

解决了这个问题： 浏览器变量必须返回并传递给下一个函数

    from selenium import webdriver
    from webtesting import login

    def browser(usernamefield, passwordfield, loginbutton):
        print 'Starting up Firefox'
        browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        print 'browsing to websiteadress'
        browser.get('websiteadress')
        return browser

if __name__ == '__main__':
    browser = browser()
    loginsteps(browser,usernamefield, passwordfield, loginbutton)

然后将浏览器传递给下一个脚本，以便它能够拾取正确的浏览器会话。

def loginsteps(browser, usernamefield, passwordfield, loginbutton):
    try:
        userlogin = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(usernamefield)
        print 'found <%s> element with that class name!' % (userlogin)
    except:
        print 'Was not able to find an element <%s> with that name.' % (usernamefield)
    try:
        userpass = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(passwordfield)
        print 'found <%s> element with that class name!' % (userpass)
    except:
        print 'Was not able to find an element <%s> with that name.' % (passwordfield)
    try:
        logincss = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(loginbutton)
        print 'found <%s> element with that class name!' % (logincss)
        except:
            print 'Was not able to click login.'
    except:
        print 'Was not able to find login element.'