将 PyInstaller 用于带有 Matplotlib 的脚本后出错答案

【问题标题】：Error after using PyInstaller for script with Matplotlib将 PyInstaller 用于带有 Matplotlib 的脚本后出错
【发布时间】：2021-02-27 17:15:44
【问题描述】：

在我正在使用的代码中：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.image as mpimg

当我构建 .py 脚本时，一切正常。但是使用 pyinstaller.exe 获取可执行文件后，出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\Scripts\excel_to_python.py", line 10, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
  File "c:\program files\Python38\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 493, in exec_module
  File "matplotlib\__init__.py", line 913, in <module>
  File "matplotlib\__init__.py", line 812, in _rc_params_in_file
  File "contextlib.py", line 113, in __enter__
  File "matplotlib\__init__.py", line 790, in _open_file_or_url
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'C:\\Users\\usr\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\_MEI640402\\matplotlib\\mpl-data\\matplotlibrc'
[62044] Failed to execute script mpl_script

我尝试重新安装 matplotlib 和 pyinstaller，但都一样。

【问题讨论】：

您需要将数据文件从 matplotlib\mpl-data\matplotlibrc 添加到您的 spec 文件到相同的相对路径，以便将它们提取到正确的位置。见pyinstaller.readthedocs.io/en/stable/…

标签： python matplotlib pyinstaller

【解决方案1】：

安装 Visual C++ Redistributable Package（vc_redist.x64.exe 或 vc_redist.x86.exe，具体取决于您的 Windows）。你可以在这里找到它：the latest supported visual c downloads，在这里：vc_redist.x64 或在这里：vc_redist.x86，然后
使用 pyinstaller重建您的可执行文件。

分析

我在带有 Python 3.8.7 的 Windows 7 64 位中遇到了同样的错误：

Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
C:\Users\w\Desktop\1\dist>MyTool.exe
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "MyTool.py", line 9, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 531, in exec_module
  File "matplotlib\__init__.py", line 913, in <module>
  File "matplotlib\__init__.py", line 812, in _rc_params_in_file
  File "contextlib.py", line 113, in __enter__
  File "matplotlib\__init__.py", line 790, in _open_file_or_url
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'C:\\Users\\w\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\_MEI17002\\matplotlib\\mpl-data\\matplotlibrc'
[916] Failed to execute script MyTool

我按照pyinstaller-python 重建了具有调试级别的可执行文件：

pyinstaller --onefile --log-level=DEBUG MyTool.py

在构建跟踪中，我看到了下面的 matplotlib Traceback：

18885 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-matplotlib.backends.py' from 'c:\\users\\w\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python38\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "c:\users\w\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 174, in <module>
    _check_versions()
  File "c:\users\w\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 159, in _check_versions
    from . import ft2font
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing ft2font: The specified module could not be found.
19108 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-matplotlib.py' from 'c:\\users\\w\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python38\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "c:\users\w\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 174, in <module>
    _check_versions()
  File "c:\users\w\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 159, in _check_versions
    from . import ft2font
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing ft2font: The specified module could not be found.

这导致我：dll load failed while importing ft2font、matplotlib cant load ft2font 和 matplotlib import ft2font。那里有几个答案建议安装 Visual C++ Redistributable Package，这实际上是唯一有帮助的。

【讨论】：