如果多列匹配，R 从一个数据帧复制到另一个数据帧答案

【问题标题】：R copy from one dataframe to another if multiple columns match如果多列匹配，R 从一个数据帧复制到另一个数据帧
【发布时间】：2021-04-03 04:14:45
【问题描述】：

我有两个具有相似信息的不同数据框。一个 (df2) 有一个更好的 UNIQFIREID 列表，第二个 (df1) 是我需要使用的数据框，因为它包含我正在使用的 shapefile。如果 df1 的 UNIQFIREID 为 NA 并且两个数据帧之间的多列匹配（在本例中为 FIRENAME、DISCOVERDATETIME 和 TOTALACRES），我希望能够将 df2 中的 UNIQFIREID 复制并粘贴到 df1 中。然后忽略那些没有 NA 或不匹配的。我在下面放了一些小样本数据框。

到目前为止，我尝试过的方法，例如使用合并、匹配、连接和 ifelse 方法，只是造成了一堆令人费解的混乱，因为我不确定自己在做什么。我在 Stack Overflow 上发现了一些类似的问题，但它们要简单得多，而且我找不到组合方法的方法。任何建议将不胜感激。

df1 <- data.frame(FIRENAME = c("Gold", "Tree", "Tank", "Green_1"),
                  UNIQFIREID = c("1985-AZASF-000285", NA, "1985-AZASF-000287", "1985-AZASF-000288"),
                  DISCOVERYDATETIME = c("1985-03-28", "1985-03-29", "1985-03-30", "1985-03-31"),
                  TOTALACRES = c(60, 70, 80, 90))
df1$DISCOVERYDATETIME <- as.POSIXct(df1$DISCOVERYDATETIME)

df2 <- data.frame(FIRENAME = c("Gold", "Tree", "Tank", "Green_1"),
                  UNIQFIREID = c("1985-AZASF-000285", "1985-AZASF-000286", "1985-AZASF-000287", "1985-AZASF-000288"),
                  DISCOVERYDATETIME = c("1985-03-28", "1985-03-29", "1985-03-30", "1985-03-31"),
                  TOTALACRES = c(60, 70, 80, 90))
df2$DISCOVERYDATETIME <- as.POSIXct(df2$DISCOVERYDATETIME)

这是一堆垃圾，我正在努力让它发挥作用。我不建议运行任何它，但它更像是一个例子，看看我做了什么。


SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$UNIQFIREID[is.na(SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$UNIQFIREID)] <-
  SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985[match(paste(SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$DISCOVERYDATETIME, 
                                       SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$FIRENAME, 
                                       SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$TOTALACRES), 
                                 paste(SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985$DISCOVERYDATETIME, 
                                       SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985$FIRENAME, 
                                       SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985$TOTALACRES)),"UNIQFIREID"]

ifelse(is.na(SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$UNIQFIREID), 
       SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985[match(paste(SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$DISCOVERYDATETIME, 
                                            SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$FIRENAME, 
                                            SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$TOTALACRES), 
                                      paste(SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985$DISCOVERYDATETIME, SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985$FIRENAME, 
                                            SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985$TOTALACRES)),"UNIQFIREID"])

 
SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$UNIQFIREID2 <- 
  SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985[match(paste(SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$DISCOVERYDATETIME, 
                                       SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$FIRENAME, 
                                       SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985test$TOTALACRES), 
                                 paste(SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985$DISCOVERYDATETIME, SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985$FIRENAME, 
                                       SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985$TOTALACRES)),"UNIQFIREID"]

# Merges two dataframes into fire perimeters dataframe based on "DISCOVERYDATETIME", "FIRENAME", "TOTALACRES" 
# https://docs.tibco.com/pub/enterprise-runtime-for-R/4.0.0/doc/html/Language_Reference/base/merge.html



SW_Fire_Merge_1985 <- merge(SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985, SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985, on = c( "DISCOVERYDATETIME", "FIRENAME", "TOTALACRES"), nomatch = 0L) 


SW_Fire_join_1985 <- full_join(SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985,SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985,
                               copy = TRUE, 
                               # by.x = c("DISCOVERYDATETIME", "FIRENAME", "TOTALACRES"),
                               # by.y = c("DISCOVERYDATETIME", "FIRENAME", "TOTALACRES"),
                               # all.x = TRUE),
                               # by.y = c("UNIQFIREID"))

if(is.na(SW_Fire_Merge_1985$UNIQFIREID.x, paste(SW_Fire_Merge_1985$UNIQFIREID.y)))

如果您想查看完整的数据集（压缩后的 14 Mb）以及我所在的位置，可以使用以下代码。只需将“目录...”替换为您要下载该数据并打开文件的位置。它会选择低至 1985 年的更小的集合来使用

# Insert path to Geospatial data needed, and desired download location
FireH <- download.file("http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/gis/gisdata/Fire_History.zip",  "Directory.../Fire_History.zip")

# Insert File path of downloaded zip file, overwrite is currently enabled for coding purposes,  for exdir insert desired file path for geodatabase.
FireH2 <- unzip("Directory.../Fire_History.zip", overwrite = TRUE, exdir = "Directory...")

# Assigning Geodatabase a name
FireHGDB <- "Direcrory.../Fire_History.gdb"

# Brings Fire perimeters and occurrences out of GDB 
SW_Fire_Perimeters <- st_read(FireHGDB, "FirePerimeter") #require_geomType="wkbPolygon")
SW_Fire_Occurrences <- st_read(FireHGDB, "FireOccurrence") #require_geomType="wkbPolygon")

# Removes invalid naming characters
# https://www.journaldev.com/43690/sub-and-gsub-function-r#the-gsub-function-in-r
SW_Fire_Perimeters$FIRENAME <- gsub(" ", "_", SW_Fire_Perimeters$FIRENAME) 
SW_Fire_Occurrences$FIRENAME <- gsub(" ", "_", SW_Fire_Occurrences$FIRENAME) 
SW_Fire_Perimeters$FIRENAME <- gsub("#", "_", SW_Fire_Perimeters$FIRENAME)
SW_Fire_Occurrences$FIRENAME <- gsub("#", "_", SW_Fire_Occurrences$FIRENAME)
SW_Fire_Perimeters$FIRENAME <- gsub("\\.", "", SW_Fire_Perimeters$FIRENAME)
SW_Fire_Occurrences$FIRENAME <- gsub("\\.", "", SW_Fire_Occurrences$FIRENAME)

# Removes NAs from fire occurrences UNIQFIREID column
SW_Fire_Occurrences <- SW_Fire_Occurrences[!is.na(SW_Fire_Occurrences$UNIQFIREID),]

# Removes incomplete UNIQFIREIDs for fire occurrences
SW_Fire_Occurrences <- subset(SW_Fire_Occurrences, nchar(as.character(UNIQFIREID)) == 17)

# Removes geometries from fire occurrences so they can be merged to perimeters (Error with two sf objects when merged)
SW_Fire_Occurrences <- st_drop_geometry(SW_Fire_Occurrences)

# Filters tables to only contain FIREYEARs 1985 - 2019
SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985_2019 <- filter(SW_Fire_Perimeters, FIREYEAR >= 1985, FIREYEAR <= 2019)
SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985_2019 <- filter(SW_Fire_Occurrences, FIREYEAR >= 1985, FIREYEAR <= 2019)

# Make a new row (UniqLength) with the string length of UNIQFIREID (it should be 17 characters long)
SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985_2019$UniqLength <- str_count(SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985_2019$UNIQFIREID)

# Set NAs is UniqLength to 0
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7279089/replace-all-na-with-false-in-selected-columns-in-r
SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985_2019[c("UniqLength")][is.na(SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985_2019[c("UniqLength")])] <- FALSE

# Replace any UNIQFIREIDs with NA when UNIQFIREID (UniqLength) not equal to 17
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56681308/converting-values-to-na-with-conditions-in-r
SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985_2019[SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985_2019$UniqLength !=17,c("UNIQFIREID")] <- NA

# Filter to FIREYEAR 1985 only
SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985 <- filter(SW_Fire_Perimeters_1985_2019, FIREYEAR == 1985)
SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985 <- filter(SW_Fire_Occurrences_1985_2019, FIREYEAR == 1985)

【问题讨论】：

标签： r dataframe shapefile

【解决方案1】：

如果我理解正确，您可以...

使用by= 进行完全连接，除了"UNIQFIREID" 之外的所有列

结果将保留来自...的值
- df1$UNIQFIREID 在<RESULT>$UNIQFIREID.x
- df2$UNIQFIREID 在<RESULT>$UNIQFIREID.y

使用ifelse()（或其亲属）创建一个新的"UNIQFIREID" 列，以根据需要从<RESULT>$UNIQFIREID.x 和<RESULT>$UNIQFIREID.y 中提取值
删除<RESULT>$UNIQFIREIDis.na()所在的行。

您的数据：

df1 <- data.frame(FIRENAME = c("Gold", "Tree", "Tank", "Green_1"),
                  UNIQFIREID = c("1985-AZASF-000285", NA, "1985-AZASF-000287", "1985-AZASF-000288"),
                  DISCOVERYDATETIME = c("1985-03-28", "1985-03-29", "1985-03-30", "1985-03-31"),
                  TOTALACRES = c(60, 70, 80, 90))
df1$DISCOVERYDATETIME <- as.POSIXct(df1$DISCOVERYDATETIME)

df2 <- data.frame(FIRENAME = c("Gold", "Tree", "Tank", "Green_1"),
                  UNIQFIREID = c("1985-AZASF-000285", "1985-AZASF-000286", "1985-AZASF-000287", "1985-AZASF-000288"),
                  DISCOVERYDATETIME = c("1985-03-28", "1985-03-29", "1985-03-30", "1985-03-31"),
                  TOTALACRES = c(60, 70, 80, 90))
df2$DISCOVERYDATETIME <- as.POSIXct(df2$DISCOVERYDATETIME)

使用{base}:

combo_base <- merge(df1, df2, all = TRUE,
                  by = c("FIRENAME", "DISCOVERYDATETIME", "TOTALACRES"))
combo_base$UNIQFIREID <- ifelse(is.na(combo_base$UNIQFIREID.x), 
                                combo_base$UNIQFIREID.y, combo_base$UNIQFIREID.x)

combo_base <- combo_base[!is.na(combo_base$UNIQFIREID), 
                         !names(combo_base) %in% c("UNIQFIREID.x", "UNIQFIREID.y"), 
                         drop = FALSE]
combo_base
#>   FIRENAME DISCOVERYDATETIME TOTALACRES        UNIQFIREID
#> 1     Gold        1985-03-28         60 1985-AZASF-000285
#> 2  Green_1        1985-03-31         90 1985-AZASF-000288
#> 3     Tank        1985-03-30         80 1985-AZASF-000287
#> 4     Tree        1985-03-29         70 1985-AZASF-000286

使用{data.table}：

library(data.table)

combo_datatable <- merge(
  as.data.table(df1), df2, 
  by = c("FIRENAME", "DISCOVERYDATETIME", "TOTALACRES"),
  all = TRUE
  )[, UNIQFIREID := fifelse(is.na(UNIQFIREID.x), UNIQFIREID.y, UNIQFIREID.x)
    ][!is.na(UNIQFIREID), !c("UNIQFIREID.x", "UNIQFIREID.y")
      ]

combo_datatable
#>    FIRENAME DISCOVERYDATETIME TOTALACRES        UNIQFIREID
#> 1:     Gold        1985-03-28         60 1985-AZASF-000285
#> 2:  Green_1        1985-03-31         90 1985-AZASF-000288
#> 3:     Tank        1985-03-30         80 1985-AZASF-000287
#> 4:     Tree        1985-03-29         70 1985-AZASF-000286

使用{dplyr}：

library(dplyr, warn.conflicts = FALSE)

combo_dplyr <- df1 %>% 
  full_join(df2, by = c("FIRENAME", "DISCOVERYDATETIME", "TOTALACRES")) %>% 
  mutate(UNIQFIREID = if_else(is.na(UNIQFIREID.x), UNIQFIREID.y, UNIQFIREID.x)) %>% 
  select(-UNIQFIREID.x, -UNIQFIREID.y) %>% 
  filter(!is.na(UNIQFIREID))

combo_dplyr
#>   FIRENAME DISCOVERYDATETIME TOTALACRES        UNIQFIREID
#> 1     Gold        1985-03-28         60 1985-AZASF-000285
#> 2     Tree        1985-03-29         70 1985-AZASF-000286
#> 3     Tank        1985-03-30         80 1985-AZASF-000287
#> 4  Green_1        1985-03-31         90 1985-AZASF-000288

完整性检查：

identical(combo_base, as.data.frame(combo_datatable))
#> [1] TRUE
identical(combo_base, combo_dplyr %>% arrange(FIRENAME))
#> [1] TRUE

【讨论】：

谢谢knapply。我使用了 {base} 解决方案。此外，{dplyr} 解决方案给了我“错误：tibble 中的所有列都必须是向量。x Column SHAPE 是一个 sfc_GEOMETRY/sfc 对象。我唯一的改变是将 all = TRUE 切换为 all.x = TRUE 因为我没有'实际上并不关心 df2，它创建了许多没有附加几何图形的不必要的行。