如何仅标准化 sklearn 管道中的数字变量？

Question

我正在尝试通过 2 个步骤创建一个 sklearn 管道：

1. 标准化数据
2. 使用 KNN 拟合数据

但是，我的数据既有数字变量也有分类变量，我已使用 pd.get_dummies 将其转换为虚拟变量。我想标准化数字变量，但保持虚拟变量不变。我一直在这样做：

X = dataframe containing both numeric and categorical columns
numeric = [list of numeric column names]
categorical = [list of categorical column names]
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_numeric_std = pd.DataFrame(data=scaler.fit_transform(X[numeric]), columns=numeric)
X_std = pd.merge(X_numeric_std, X[categorical], left_index=True, right_index=True)

但是，如果我要创建如下管道：

pipe = sklearn.pipeline.make_pipeline(StandardScaler(), KNeighborsClassifier())

它将标准化我的 DataFrame 中的所有列。有没有办法在仅标准化数字列的同时做到这一点？

Answer 1

UPD： 2021-05-10

对于sklearn >= 0.20，我们可以使用sklearn.compose.ColumnTransformer

这是small example：

导入和数据加载

# Author: Pedro Morales <part.morales@gmail.com>
#
# License: BSD 3 clause

import numpy as np

from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_openml
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler, OneHotEncoder
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split, GridSearchCV

np.random.seed(0)

# Load data from https://www.openml.org/d/40945
X, y = fetch_openml("titanic", version=1, as_frame=True, return_X_y=True)

使用ColumnTransformer进行管道感知数据预处理：

numeric_features = ['age', 'fare']
numeric_transformer = Pipeline(steps=[
    ('imputer', SimpleImputer(strategy='median')),
    ('scaler', StandardScaler())])

categorical_features = ['embarked', 'sex', 'pclass']
categorical_transformer = OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore')

preprocessor = ColumnTransformer(
    transformers=[
        ('num', numeric_transformer, numeric_features),
        ('cat', categorical_transformer, categorical_features)])

分类

# Append classifier to preprocessing pipeline.
# Now we have a full prediction pipeline.
clf = Pipeline(steps=[('preprocessor', preprocessor),
                      ('classifier', LogisticRegression())])

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2,
                                                    random_state=0)

clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
print("model score: %.3f" % clf.score(X_test, y_test))

---

旧答案：

假设你有以下 DF：

In [163]: df
Out[163]:
     a     b    c    d
0  aaa  1.01  xxx  111
1  bbb  2.02  yyy  222
2  ccc  3.03  zzz  333

In [164]: df.dtypes
Out[164]:
a     object
b    float64
c     object
d      int64
dtype: object

您可以找到所有数字列：

In [165]: num_cols = df.columns[df.dtypes.apply(lambda c: np.issubdtype(c, np.number))]

In [166]: num_cols
Out[166]: Index(['b', 'd'], dtype='object')

In [167]: df[num_cols]
Out[167]:
      b    d
0  1.01  111
1  2.02  222
2  3.03  333

并将StandardScaler 仅应用于这些数字列：

In [168]: scaler = StandardScaler()

In [169]: df[num_cols] = scaler.fit_transform(df[num_cols])

In [170]: df
Out[170]:
     a         b    c         d
0  aaa -1.224745  xxx -1.224745
1  bbb  0.000000  yyy  0.000000
2  ccc  1.224745  zzz  1.224745

现在您可以“一个热编码”分类（非数字）列...

Answer 2

我会使用FeatureUnion。然后我通常会做类似的事情，假设您也在管道内而不是之前使用 Pandas 对分类变量进行虚拟编码：

from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline, FeatureUnion, make_pipeline
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier

class Columns(BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin):
    def __init__(self, names=None):
        self.names = names

    def fit(self, X, y=None, **fit_params):
        return self

    def transform(self, X):
        return X[self.names]

numeric = [list of numeric column names]
categorical = [list of categorical column names]

pipe = Pipeline([
    ("features", FeatureUnion([
        ('numeric', make_pipeline(Columns(names=numeric),StandardScaler())),
        ('categorical', make_pipeline(Columns(names=categorical),OneHotEncoder(sparse=False)))
    ])),
    ('model', KNeighborsClassifier())
])

您可以进一步查看Sklearn Pandas，这也很有趣。

Answer 3

由于您已使用pd.get_dummies 将分类特征转换为虚拟对象，因此您无需使用OneHotEncoder。因此，您的管道应该是：

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler,FunctionTransformer
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline,FeatureUnion

knn=KNeighborsClassifier()

pipeline=Pipeline(steps= [
    ('feature_processing', FeatureUnion(transformer_list = [
            ('categorical', FunctionTransformer(lambda data: data[:, cat_indices])),

            #numeric
            ('numeric', Pipeline(steps = [
                ('select', FunctionTransformer(lambda data: data[:, num_indices])),
                ('scale', StandardScaler())
                        ]))
        ])),
    ('clf', knn)
    ]
)

Answer 4

另一种方法是

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
scaler = StandardScaler()
df = pd.DataFrame()
df['col1'] = np.random.randint(1,20,10)
df['col2'] = np.random.randn(10)
df['col3'] = list(5*'Y' + 5*'N')
numeric_cols = list(df.dtypes[df.dtypes != 'object'].index)
df.loc[:,numeric_cols] = scaler.fit_transform(df.loc[:,numeric_cols])