从 Twitter 抓取用户位置

Question

我正在尝试从 Twitter 中获取用户名的纬度和经度。用户名列表是一个 csv 文件，在一个输入文件中包含 50 多个名称。以下是我迄今为止所做的两个试验。他们似乎都没有工作。欢迎对任何程序或全新方法进行更正。

我有User_names 的列表，我正在尝试查找用户个人资料并从个人资料或时间线中提取geolocation。我在互联网上的任何地方都找不到很多样本。

我正在寻找一种更好的方法来从 Twitter 获取用户的地理位置。我什至找不到显示参考 User_name 或 user_id 获取用户位置的单个示例。它甚至可能放在首位吗？

输入：输入文件有超过 50k 行

AfsarTamannaah,6.80E+17,12/24/2015,#chennaifloods
DEEPU_S_GIRI,6.80E+17,12/24/2015,#chennaifloods
DEEPU_S_GIRI,6.80E+17,12/24/2015,#weneverletyoudownstr
ndtv,6.80E+17,12/24/2015,#chennaifloods
1andonlyharsha,6.79E+17,12/21/2015,#chennaifloods
Shashkya,6.79E+17,12/21/2015,#moneyonmobile
Shashkya,6.79E+17,12/21/2015,#chennaifloods
timesofindia,6.79E+17,12/20/2015,#chennaifloods
ANI_news,6.78E+17,12/20/2015,#chennaifloods
DrAnbumaniPMK,6.78E+17,12/19/2015,#chennaifloods
timesofindia,6.78E+17,12/18/2015,#chennaifloods
SRKCHENNAIFC,6.78E+17,12/18/2015,#dilwalefdfs
SRKCHENNAIFC,6.78E+17,12/18/2015,#chennaifloods
AmeriCares,6.77E+17,12/16/2015,#india
AmeriCares,6.77E+17,12/16/2015,#chennaifloods
ChennaiRainsH,6.77E+17,12/15/2015,#chennairainshelp
ChennaiRainsH,6.77E+17,12/15/2015,#chennaifloods
AkkiPritam,6.77E+17,12/15/2015,#chennaifloods

代码：

import tweepy
from tweepy import Stream
from tweepy.streaming import StreamListener
from tweepy import OAuthHandler
import pandas as pd
import json
import csv
import sys
import time

CONSUMER_KEY = 'XYZ'
CONSUMER_SECRET = 'XYZ'
ACCESS_KEY = 'XYZ'
ACCESS_SECRET = 'XYZ'

auth = OAuthHandler(CONSUMER_KEY,CONSUMER_SECRET)
api = tweepy.API(auth)
auth.set_access_token(ACCESS_KEY, ACCESS_SECRET)

data = pd.read_csv('user_keyword.csv')

df = ['user_name', 'user_id', 'date', 'keyword']

test = api.lookup_users(user_ids=['user_name'])

for user in test:
    print user.user_name
    print user.user_id
    print user.date
    print user.keyword
    print user.geolocation

错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "user_profile_location.py", line 24, in <module>
    test = api.lookup_users(user_ids=['user_name'])
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tweepy/api.py", line 150, in lookup_users
    return self._lookup_users(list_to_csv(user_ids), list_to_csv(screen_names))
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tweepy/binder.py", line 197, in _call
    return method.execute()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tweepy/binder.py", line 173, in execute
    raise TweepError(error_msg, resp)
tweepy.error.TweepError: [{'message': 'No user matches for specified terms.', 'code': 17}]

我知道每个用户都不会分享地理位置，但如果我能获得地理位置，那些保持个人资料公开开放的人会很棒。

我正在寻找作为名称和/或纬度的用户位置。

如果这种方法不正确，那么我也愿意接受替代方案。

更新一：经过深入搜索后，我发现website 提供了一个非常接近的解决方案，但是在尝试从输入文件中读取userName 时出现错误。

这表示只能抓取 100 个用户的信息，有什么更好的方法可以解除这个限制？

代码：

import sys
import string
import simplejson
from twython import Twython
import csv
import pandas as pd

#WE WILL USE THE VARIABLES DAY, MONTH, AND YEAR FOR OUR OUTPUT FILE NAME
import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
day=int(now.day)
month=int(now.month)
year=int(now.year)


#FOR OAUTH AUTHENTICATION -- NEEDED TO ACCESS THE TWITTER API
t = Twython(app_key='ABC', 
    app_secret='ABC',
    oauth_token='ABC',
    oauth_token_secret='ABC')

#INPUT HAS NO HEADER NO INDEX
ids = pd.read_csv('user_keyword.csv', header=['userName', 'userID', 'Date', 'Keyword'], usecols=['userName'])

#ACCESS THE LOOKUP_USER METHOD OF THE TWITTER API -- GRAB INFO ON UP TO 100 IDS WITH EACH API CALL

users = t.lookup_user(user_id = ids)

#NAME OUR OUTPUT FILE - %i WILL BE REPLACED BY CURRENT MONTH, DAY, AND YEAR
outfn = "twitter_user_data_%i.%i.%i.csv" % (now.month, now.day, now.year)

#NAMES FOR HEADER ROW IN OUTPUT FILE
fields = "id, screen_name, name, created_at, url, followers_count, friends_count, statuses_count, \
    favourites_count, listed_count, \
    contributors_enabled, description, protected, location, lang, expanded_url".split()

#INITIALIZE OUTPUT FILE AND WRITE HEADER ROW   
outfp = open(outfn, "w")
outfp.write(string.join(fields, "\t") + "\n")  # header

#THE VARIABLE 'USERS' CONTAINS INFORMATION OF THE 32 TWITTER USER IDS LISTED ABOVE
#THIS BLOCK WILL LOOP OVER EACH OF THESE IDS, CREATE VARIABLES, AND OUTPUT TO FILE
for entry in users:
    #CREATE EMPTY DICTIONARY
    r = {}
    for f in fields:
        r[f] = ""
    #ASSIGN VALUE OF 'ID' FIELD IN JSON TO 'ID' FIELD IN OUR DICTIONARY
    r['id'] = entry['id']
    #SAME WITH 'SCREEN_NAME' HERE, AND FOR REST OF THE VARIABLES
    r['screen_name'] = entry['screen_name']
    r['name'] = entry['name']
    r['created_at'] = entry['created_at']
    r['url'] = entry['url']
    r['followers_count'] = entry['followers_count']
    r['friends_count'] = entry['friends_count']
    r['statuses_count'] = entry['statuses_count']
    r['favourites_count'] = entry['favourites_count']
    r['listed_count'] = entry['listed_count']
    r['contributors_enabled'] = entry['contributors_enabled']
    r['description'] = entry['description']
    r['protected'] = entry['protected']
    r['location'] = entry['location']
    r['lang'] = entry['lang']
    #NOT EVERY ID WILL HAVE A 'URL' KEY, SO CHECK FOR ITS EXISTENCE WITH IF CLAUSE
    if 'url' in entry['entities']:
        r['expanded_url'] = entry['entities']['url']['urls'][0]['expanded_url']
    else:
        r['expanded_url'] = ''
    print r
    #CREATE EMPTY LIST
    lst = []
    #ADD DATA FOR EACH VARIABLE
    for f in fields:
        lst.append(unicode(r[f]).replace("\/", "/"))
    #WRITE ROW WITH DATA IN LIST
    outfp.write(string.join(lst, "\t").encode("utf-8") + "\n")

outfp.close()    

错误：

File "user_profile_location.py", line 35, in <module>
    ids = pd.read_csv('user_keyword.csv', header=['userName', 'userID', 'Date', 'Keyword'], usecols=['userName'])
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 562, in parser_f
    return _read(filepath_or_buffer, kwds)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 315, in _read
    parser = TextFileReader(filepath_or_buffer, **kwds)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 645, in __init__
    self._make_engine(self.engine)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 799, in _make_engine
    self._engine = CParserWrapper(self.f, **self.options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 1202, in __init__
    ParserBase.__init__(self, kwds)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 918, in __init__
    raise ValueError("cannot specify usecols when "
ValueError: cannot specify usecols when specifying a multi-index header

Answer 1

假设您只想获取显示在他/她的个人资料页面中的用户的位置，您可以使用 Tweepy 的 API.get_user。下面是工作代码。

#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function

#Import the necessary methods from tweepy library
import tweepy
from tweepy import OAuthHandler


#user credentials to access Twitter API 
access_token = "your access token here"
access_token_secret = "your access token secret key here"
consumer_key = "your consumer key here"
consumer_secret = "your consumer secret key here"


def get_user_details(username):
        userobj = api.get_user(username)
        return userobj


if __name__ == '__main__':
    #authenticating the app (https://apps.twitter.com/)
    auth = tweepy.auth.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
    auth.set_access_token(access_token, access_token_secret)
    api = tweepy.API(auth)

    #for list of usernames, put them in iterable and call the function
    username = 'thinkgeek'
    userOBJ = get_user_details(username)
    print(userOBJ.location)

注意：这是一个粗略的实现。编写适当的 sleeper 函数以遵守 Twitter API 访问限制。