在 Flutter 中将 JSON 转换为类似于 android 的 POJO（对象）答案

【问题标题】：Convert JSON into POJO (Object) similar to android in Flutter在 Flutter 中将 JSON 转换为类似于 android 的 POJO（对象）
【发布时间】：2019-01-24 20:56:24
【问题描述】：

我只是想找到一种方法将 json 响应（来自 REST API）转换为 POJO（在 android 中使用），以便我可以将接收到的数据用于我的应用程序，因为使用 Map 是不够的我收到的数据有点复杂，包含 3 级数组（数组内数组内的数组）。

我正在使用 Dio 库进行 api 调用，我可以成功调用 API 并在控制台上打印数据，完全没有问题。谁能帮助我实现这一目标？

以下是我得到的回复。

{
"status": 200,
"message": "success",
"data": [
    {
        "menu": {
            "megamenu_id": "55",
            "language_id": "1",
            "title": "Mobiles",
            "description": "",
            "submenu": [
                {
                    "0": {
                        "info": {
                            "megamenu_id": "67",
                            "language_id": "1",
                            "title": "Mobile Phones",
                            "description": ""
                        }
                    },
                    "subsubmenu": [
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "68",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Android Phones",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "69",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Smart Phones",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "70",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Windows Phones",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "72",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Basic Phones",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "73",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Latest Mobiles",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "74",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Upcoming Mobiles",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "0": {
                        "info": {
                            "megamenu_id": "75",
                            "language_id": "1",
                            "title": "Brands",
                            "description": ""
                        }
                    },
                    "subsubmenu": [
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "76",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Samsung",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "77",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Apple",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "78",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Redmi",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "79",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Nokia",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "81",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Sony",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "82",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Micromax",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "83",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "HTC",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "84",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Motorola",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "85",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Oppo",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "86",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Vivo",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "87",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Honor",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "88",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Oneplus",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "0": {
                        "info": {
                            "megamenu_id": "94",
                            "language_id": "1",
                            "title": "Mobile Accessories",
                            "description": ""
                        }
                    },
                    "subsubmenu": [
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "95",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Bluetooth Headsets",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "96",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Mobile Chargers",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "97",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Mobiles Cases &amp; Covers",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "98",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Screen Protector",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "99",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Mobile Batteries",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "100",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Headphones &amp; Headsets",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "101",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Memory Cards",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "102",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Power Banks",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "103",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Stylus",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "104",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Mobile Docks",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "0": {
                        "info": {
                            "megamenu_id": "107",
                            "language_id": "1",
                            "title": "Features",
                            "description": ""
                        }
                    },
                    "subsubmenu": [
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "108",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Dual Sim Phones",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "111",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "4GB Ram Mobiles",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "112",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Rear Camera [13 MP]",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "113",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Screen Size [4.5 - 5.2 Inch]",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    },

    {
        "menu": {
            "megamenu_id": "168",
            "language_id": "1",
            "title": "Fashion",
            "description": "",
            "submenu": [
                {
                    "0": {
                        "info": {
                            "megamenu_id": "169",
                            "language_id": "1",
                            "title": "Clothing",
                            "description": ""
                        }
                    },
                    "subsubmenu": [
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "170",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "T-Shirts",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "171",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Shirts",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "0": {
                        "info": {
                            "megamenu_id": "178",
                            "language_id": "1",
                            "title": "Womens Clothing",
                            "description": ""
                        }
                    },
                    "subsubmenu": [
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "187",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Night Wear",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "188",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Tunics",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "189",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Kurtis",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "190",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Sarees",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "191",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Lehengas",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "192",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Swimming Suit",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "0": {
                        "info": {
                            "megamenu_id": "193",
                            "language_id": "1",
                            "title": "Men's Footwear",
                            "description": ""
                        }
                    },
                    "subsubmenu": [
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "194",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Shoes",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "195",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Sneakers",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "196",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Sandals &amp; Floaters",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "197",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Slippers &amp; Flip Flops",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "198",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Loafers",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "199",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Boots",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "200",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Shoe Care",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "0": {
                        "info": {
                            "megamenu_id": "201",
                            "language_id": "1",
                            "title": "Women's Jewellery",
                            "description": ""
                        }
                    },
                    "subsubmenu": [
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "202",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Earrings",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "203",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Bangles",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "204",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Bracelets",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        },
                        {
                            "infosub": {
                                "megamenu_id": "205",
                                "language_id": "1",
                                "title": "Rings",
                                "description": ""
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    },
    {
        "menu": {
            "megamenu_id": "220",
            "language_id": "1",
            "title": "Care",
            "description": ""
        }
    },
    {
        "menu": {
            "megamenu_id": "221",
            "language_id": "1",
            "title": "Offers",
            "description": ""
        }
    },
    {
        "menu": {
            "megamenu_id": "222",
            "language_id": "1",
            "title": "News",
            "description": ""
        }
    }
]
}

【问题讨论】：

标签： android json parsing flutter pojo

【解决方案1】：

这可以使用 built_value 来完成。此link 中提供了详细文档。

您只需编写一些样板代码并运行此命令flutter packages pub run build_runner build。

下面是一个类似 POJO 的示例类。

import 'package:built_value/built_value.dart';
import 'package:built_value/serializer.dart';

part 'auth.g.dart';

abstract class Auth implements Built<Auth, AuthBuilder> {
  static Serializer<Auth> get serializer => _$authSerializer;

  String get currentServerTime;
  int get defaultOrganization;
  String get tokenExpiryTimeInMs;
  bool get rememberMe;
  int get failedLoginAttempts;
  int get userId;
  String get status;
  String get token;

  Auth._();
  factory Auth([updates(AuthBuilder b)]) = _$Auth;
}

下面是序列化器类：

library serializers;

import 'package:built_value/serializer.dart';
import 'package:built_value/standard_json_plugin.dart';
import 'auth/auth.dart';

part 'serializers.g.dart';

@SerializersFor(const [
  Auth,
])

Serializers serializers = _$serializers;

Serializers standardSerializers =
(serializers.toBuilder()..addPlugin(StandardJsonPlugin())).build();

以下是从 JSON 转换为 Object 的代码。

Auth auth = standardSerializers.deserializeWith(
        Auth.serializer, json.decode(res.body)['user']);

希望这会有所帮助。

【讨论】：

我试过了，它没有解析数组的方法，适用于简单对象但无法解析数组，在我的情况下，我有 3 级数组
对于 built_collection 附带的可迭代对象，有一个名为 BuiltList 的东西。但我不需要使用这个是的。也许你可以看看这个。

【解决方案2】：

json_serializable 没有很好的文档记录，但它完全符合您的要求，比 built_value 更易于使用并且需要的样板文件更少，尤其是在涉及数组时。

import 'package:json_annotation/json_annotation.dart';
import 'dart:convert';

part 'school.g.dart';

@JsonSerializable()
class School {
  final String name;

  final int maxStudentCount;

  final List<Student> students;

  School(this.name, this.maxStudentCount, this.students);
  factory School.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) => _$SchoolFromJson(json);
  Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => _$SchoolToJson(this);
}

@JsonSerializable()
class Student {
  final String name;

  final DateTime birthDate;

  Student({this.name, this.birthDate});
  factory Student.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) => _$StudentFromJson(json);
  Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => _$StudentToJson(this);
}

test() {
  String jsonString = '''{
   "name":"Trump University",
   "maxStudentCount":9999,
   "students":[
      {
         "name":"Peter Parker",
         "birthDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"
      }
   ]
  }''';

  final decodedJson = json.decode(jsonString);

  final school = School.fromJson(decodedJson);

  assert(school.students.length == 1);
}

它还支持枚举序列化。

要生成序列化代码，运行：

flutter packages pub run build_runner build

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

所以，在对 json_serializable 库进行了一些尝试后，我想出了自己的解决方案，它根本不需要任何外部库，而且工作起来就像一个魅力。这种方式我必须编写更少的样板代码，我认为这是一种干净的方式。

这是制作模型的方法

class SideMenuRes {
final int status;
final String message;
final List<SideMenuDatum> sideMenuData;

SideMenuRes({this.status, this.message, this.sideMenuData});
factory SideMenuRes.fromJson(Map json) {
  return SideMenuRes(
    status: json['status'],
    message: json['message'],
    sideMenuData: json['status'] == 200 ? (json['data'] as List).map((i) => new 
  SideMenuDatum.fromJson(i)).toList() : null,
  );
}
}

class SideMenuDatum {
final Menu menu;
SideMenuDatum({this.menu});
factory SideMenuDatum.fromJson(Map json) {
  return SideMenuDatum(
    menu: Menu.fromJson(json['menu']),
  );
}
}

class Menu {
final String megamenu_id;
final String language_id;
final String title;
final String description;
final List<SubMenu> subMenu;

Menu({this.megamenu_id, this.language_id, this.title, this.description, this.subMenu});
factory Menu.fromJson(Map json) {
  return Menu(
      megamenu_id: json['megamenu_id'],
      language_id: json['language_id'],
      title: json['title'],
      description: json['description'],
      subMenu: json['submenu'] != null ? (json['submenu'] as List).map((i) => new SubMenu.fromJson(i)).toList() : null
  );
}
}

class SubMenu {
final Zero zero;
final List<SubSubMenu> subSubMenu;

SubMenu({this.zero, this.subSubMenu});
factory SubMenu.fromJson(Map json) {
  return SubMenu(
      zero: Zero.fromJson(json['0']),
      subSubMenu: (json['subsubmenu'] as List).map((i) => new SubSubMenu.fromJson(i)).toList()
  );
}
}

class Zero {
final Info info;
Zero({this.info});
factory Zero.fromJson(Map json) {
  return Zero(
    info: Info.fromJson(json['info']),
  );
  }
 }

class SubSubMenu {
final InfoSub infoSub;
SubSubMenu({this.infoSub});

factory SubSubMenu.fromJson(Map json) {
  return SubSubMenu(
      infoSub: InfoSub.fromJson(json['infosub'])
  );
}
}

class InfoSub {
final String megamenu_id;
final String language_id;
final String title;
final String description;

InfoSub({this.megamenu_id, this.language_id, this.title, this.description});
factory InfoSub.fromJson(Map json) {
return InfoSub(
    megamenu_id: json['megamenu_id'],
    language_id: json['language_id'],
    title: json['title'],
    description: json['description']
  );
 }
}

class Info {
 final String megamenu_id;
 final String language_id;
final String title;
final String description;

Info({this.megamenu_id, this.language_id, this.title, this.description});
factory Info.fromJson(Map json) {
return Info(
    megamenu_id: json['megamenu_id'],
    language_id: json['language_id'],
    title: json['title'],
    description: json['description']
  );
 }
}

这样称呼它

SubMenuRes subMenuRes = SubMenuRes.fromJson(response.data);

就是这样！

【讨论】：

基本上和 json_serializable 生成的东西是一样的。确定可行，尽管手动编写所有序列化代码肯定比每个类 4 行代码更多样板。当你有很多这样的课程时，你很有可能会犯错误。另一方面，代码生成器不会出错；）使用 json_serializable 对性能没有负面影响
这个答案只是使用手动序列化，这是一项艰苦的工作，如果你想避免大多数样板 json_serializable 是要走的路@boformers 答案是大中型项目的最佳解决方案，您还可以注意，如果您想学习如何手动处理 JSON，或者您想学习如何手动处理 JSON在一个小项目中使用 JSON 符合这个答案。
你用过的json_serializable库的链接在哪里？你真的认为你的答案应该被标记吗？
稍微谷歌搜索不会有什么坏处。或者你也可以看看下面的答案；）

【解决方案4】：

Android Studio 插件：https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/12562-jsontodart-json-to-dart-

在线：https://app.quicktype.io/?l=dart

手动解析：https://medium.com/flutter-community/parsing-complex-json-in-flutter-747c46655f51

从 JSON 生成 Dart 类

将 JSON 转换为 Dart 类

从 JSON 或 JSON-Schema 生成 Dart 类。

【讨论】：

搜索这个已经有一段时间了。非常感谢！

【解决方案5】：

请查看this post 以获得最适合您目标的选择

【讨论】：