我对这个问题的看法不是我希望的。我认为您想要的是一个存储多种值类型的容器,您可以随意访问。
然而,这样一来,容器必须指定它所保存的值,因此您可以拥有一个包含 500 种数据类型的类,并为每种数据类型提供一个相关的构造函数,但是,这将是超级内存效率低下的。
这是我提出的建议,我已经研究了一天,希望它符合您的标准:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
enum class type: unsigned int {int_t, unsigned_int_t, string_t, double_t, float_t, bool_t, unipointer_t, vector_int_t, vector_unipointer_t};//just add item types here and in the switch statement to hold more void_ps in unipointer...
class unipointer {
void* obj;//the pointer to the data. any type of pointer.
type objtype;//the object type, kept as an enum class.
struct void_p {//template magic... ;D
void* void_ptr;
template<typename T>//when object is initialized, it converts the the void* pointer to the output value.
operator T() {
return reinterpret_cast<T&>(void_ptr);
}
void_p(void* val): void_ptr(val) {};
};
public:
unipointer(void_p ptr, type ptrtype) : obj(ptr), objtype(ptrtype) {}
type get_type(void) {//Once you call this function, you know the type of data stored, and can call other functions accordingly.
return objtype;
}
template<typename T>//With a temlate, get any value through a pointer to it.
T get_ptr(void){
return reinterpret_cast<T&>(obj);
}
template<typename T>//With a temlate, get any value, as an object
T get_object(void) {
return *get_ptr<T*>();
}
void_p get_auto_pointer(void) {//get any pointer to value, can't be assigned to "auto*"!
return unipointer::void_p(obj);
}
void_p get_auto_object(void) {//get any value, can't be assigned to "auto"!
return *(void_p*)get_auto_pointer();
}
};
void process_stuff(unipointer& thing, unsigned int num_of_tabs);
int main() {
double initialization = 1.2345;
float even_another = 3.14159f;
unipointer items(new vector<unipointer>{//one thicc object instance
//Initialization examles:
unipointer(new int(-12345), type::int_t),
unipointer(new unsigned int(4'294'967'295), type::unsigned_int_t),
unipointer(new string("That is how I store my items."), type::string_t),
unipointer(&initialization, type::double_t),
unipointer(&even_another, type::float_t),
unipointer(new bool(1), type::bool_t),
unipointer(new unipointer(new unipointer(new unipointer(new string("OMG! NESTING!"), type::string_t), type::unipointer_t), type::unipointer_t), type::unipointer_t),
unipointer(new vector<int>{ 1,2,3 }, type::vector_int_t),
unipointer(new vector<unipointer>{
unipointer(new string("That is how I store my nested items."), type::string_t),
unipointer(new vector<int>{4,5,6}, type::vector_int_t),
unipointer(new string("Is your head brimming with ideas yet?"), type::string_t)
} , type::vector_unipointer_t)
}, type::vector_unipointer_t);
cout << "What is in the \"items\" unipointer:" << endl;
process_stuff(items, 1);
system("pause");
}
void process_stuff(unipointer& thing, unsigned int num_of_tabs) {
//declare variables & lamda for interpretaion methods, using variable assignment with "get auto object/pointer"
unsigned int* test = 0;
double test_2 = 0;
auto tab_to_current = [num_of_tabs]() {
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_of_tabs; ++i) {
cout << "\t";
}
};
//format the thing.
tab_to_current();
//look through and do stuff
switch (thing.get_type()) {//just add item types here and in the enum class to hold more void_ps in unipointer...
case type::int_t:
cout << "The integer: " << *thing.get_ptr<int*>() << "." << endl;//one way of getting object back from class
break;
case type::string_t:
cout << "The string: \"" << thing.get_object<string>() << "\"." << endl;//another way
break;
case type::unsigned_int_t:
test = thing.get_auto_pointer();//another way
cout << "The unsigned integer: " << *test << "." << endl;//don't forget to de-reference it!
delete test;
break;
case type::double_t:
test_2 = thing.get_auto_object();
cout << "The double: " << test_2 << "." << endl;//even another way!
break;
case type::float_t:
cout << "The float: " << float(thing.get_auto_object()) << "." << endl;//even another way!
break;
case type::bool_t:
cout << "The boolean: " << *(bool*)thing.get_auto_pointer() << "." << endl;//even another way!
break;
case type::unipointer_t:
cout << "A unipointer, and in it:" << endl;
process_stuff(*&thing.get_object<unipointer>(), num_of_tabs+1);
tab_to_current();
cout << "[End of unipointer]" << endl;
break;
case type::vector_int_t:
cout << "A vector of integers, and in it:" << endl;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < thing.get_object<vector<int>>().size(); ++i) {
tab_to_current();
cout << "\tItem " << i << ": " << thing.get_object<vector<int>>().at(i) << endl;
}
tab_to_current();
cout << "[End of vector of integers]" << endl;
break;
case type::vector_unipointer_t:
cout << "A vector of unipointers, and in it:" << endl;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < thing.get_object<vector<unipointer>>().size(); ++i) {
process_stuff(*&thing.get_object<vector<unipointer>>().at(i), num_of_tabs + 1);
}
tab_to_current();
cout << "[End of unipointer vector]" << endl;
break;
}
}
“unipointer”类应该用一个指向任何对象类型的指针来初始化,还有对象的类型。该类可以通过函数返回您的数据,尽管它不是很安全,并且可能使用错误的数据类型调用。
这只是一个可行的例子,我当然希望你能从中得到启发。
而且,要回答您最初的问题,您需要设置一个列表或具有以下格式的向量:
vector/list:
|
|unipointer(*double)
|
|unipointer(*int)
|
|unipointer(*string)
|
...
|
end
PS:我是对象和模板的初学者,所以这可能会很乱。许多道歉。