在一个 sql 命令访问中从一个数据库表中选择多个计数

Question

我有一个格式如下的表：

STATE SURVEY_ANSWER  
NC high  
NC moderate  
WA high  
FL low  
NC high

我正在寻找可以得到以下结果的单个查询：

STATE HIGH MODERATE LOW 
NC 2 1 0  
WA 1 0 0  
FL 0 0 1

不幸的是，这些是我得到的结果：

STATE HIGH MODERATE LOW 
NC 3 1 1  
WA 3 1 1  
FL 3 1 1  

这是我正在使用的代码：

Select mytable.STATE,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable WHERE mytable.survey_answer = 'low' and state = mytable.state) AS low,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable WHERE mytable.survey_answer = 'moderate' and state = mytable.state) AS moderate,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable WHERE mytable.survey_answer = 'high' and state = mytable.state) AS high,
FROM mytable
GROUP BY mytable.state;

虽然这个论坛和其他论坛非常有帮助，但我无法弄清楚我做错了什么。请注意：我使用的是 Access，因此 CASE WHEN 解决方案不起作用。谢谢你的建议。

Answer 1

看起来这可能是由于未使用表别名引起的问题。因为您在外部SELECT 正在使用的同一个表上进行子查询，并且没有给外部表一个别名，所以子查询的WHERE 中的两个条件都只使用子查询中的数据查询。

换句话说，当你写：

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable WHERE mytable.survey_answer = 'low' and state = mytable.state

它对外部查询一无所知。

试试这个：

SELECT t1.STATE,
  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable t2 WHERE t2.state = t1.state AND t2.survey_answer = 'low') low,
  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable t3 WHERE t3.state = t1.state AND t3.survey_answer = 'moderate') moderate,
  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable t4 WHERE t4.state = t1.state AND t4.survey_answer = 'high') high,
FROM mytable t1
GROUP BY t1.state

Answer 2

Aiias 回答解释了为什么您当前的查询不起作用，但我想我会指出您认为您不能使用 CASE WHEN 解决方案的假设只是部分正确，是的，您不能使用 CASE WHEN 但是这并不意味着您需要相关的子查询。你可以简单地使用：

SELECT  mytable.STATE,
        SUM(IIF(mytable.survey_answer = 'low', 1, 0) AS low,
        SUM(IIF(mytable.survey_answer = 'moderate', 1, 0) AS moderate,
        SUM(IIF(mytable.survey_answer = 'high', 1, 0) AS high
FROM    mytable
GROUP BY mytable.state;