在 Centos Linux 上，如何使用 pip 安装 Python 包“readline”？

Question

使用常规命令sudo pip install readline 出现错误

Command "/usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-Ax57Qh/readline/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-KRvGg7-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-Ax57Qh/readline

完整的控制台输出是

sudo pip install readline
[sudo] password for qazwsx:
Collecting readline
  Using cached readline-6.2.4.1.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: readline
  Running setup.py install for readline
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-Ax57Qh/readline/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-KRvGg7-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    readline-6.2/
    readline-6.2/doc/
    readline-6.2/doc/Makefile.in
    readline-6.2/doc/texinfo.tex
    readline-6.2/doc/version.texi
    readline-6.2/doc/fdl.texi
    readline-6.2/doc/rlman.texi
    readline-6.2/doc/rltech.texi
    readline-6.2/doc/rluser.texi
    readline-6.2/doc/rluserman.texi
    readline-6.2/doc/history.texi
    readline-6.2/doc/hstech.texi
    readline-6.2/doc/hsuser.texi
    readline-6.2/doc/readline.3
    readline-6.2/doc/history.3
    readline-6.2/doc/texi2dvi
    readline-6.2/doc/texi2html
    readline-6.2/doc/readline.ps
    readline-6.2/doc/history.ps
    readline-6.2/doc/rluserman.ps
    readline-6.2/doc/readline.dvi
    readline-6.2/doc/history.dvi
    readline-6.2/doc/rluserman.dvi
    readline-6.2/doc/readline.info
    readline-6.2/doc/history.info
    readline-6.2/doc/rluserman.info
    readline-6.2/doc/readline.html
    readline-6.2/doc/history.html
    readline-6.2/doc/rluserman.html
    readline-6.2/doc/readline.0
    readline-6.2/doc/history.0
    readline-6.2/doc/readline_3.ps
    readline-6.2/doc/history_3.ps
    readline-6.2/doc/history.pdf
    readline-6.2/doc/readline.pdf
    readline-6.2/doc/rluserman.pdf
    readline-6.2/examples/
    readline-6.2/examples/autoconf/
    readline-6.2/examples/autoconf/BASH_CHECK_LIB_TERMCAP
    readline-6.2/examples/autoconf/RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION
    readline-6.2/examples/autoconf/wi_LIB_READLINE
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/ChangeLog
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/Makefile.in
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/README
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/config.h.in
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/configure
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/configure.in
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/extern.h
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/os.h
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/pty.c
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/rlfe.c
    readline-6.2/examples/rlfe/screen.h
    readline-6.2/examples/Makefile.in
    readline-6.2/examples/excallback.c
    readline-6.2/examples/fileman.c
    readline-6.2/examples/manexamp.c
    readline-6.2/examples/readlinebuf.h
    readline-6.2/examples/rl-fgets.c
    readline-6.2/examples/rlcat.c
    readline-6.2/examples/rlevent.c
    readline-6.2/examples/rltest.c
    readline-6.2/examples/rl.c
    readline-6.2/examples/rlptytest.c
    readline-6.2/examples/rlversion.c
    readline-6.2/examples/histexamp.c
    readline-6.2/examples/Inputrc
    readline-6.2/examples/rlwrap-0.30.tar.gz
    readline-6.2/support/
    readline-6.2/support/config.guess
    readline-6.2/support/config.rpath
    readline-6.2/support/config.sub
    readline-6.2/support/install.sh
    readline-6.2/support/mkdirs
    readline-6.2/support/mkdist
    readline-6.2/support/mkinstalldirs
    readline-6.2/support/shobj-conf
    readline-6.2/support/shlib-install
    readline-6.2/support/wcwidth.c
    readline-6.2/shlib/
    readline-6.2/shlib/Makefile.in
    readline-6.2/COPYING
    readline-6.2/README
    readline-6.2/MANIFEST
    readline-6.2/INSTALL
    readline-6.2/CHANGELOG
    readline-6.2/CHANGES
    readline-6.2/NEWS
    readline-6.2/USAGE
    readline-6.2/aclocal.m4
    readline-6.2/config.h.in
    readline-6.2/configure
    readline-6.2/configure.in
    readline-6.2/Makefile.in
    readline-6.2/ansi_stdlib.h
    readline-6.2/chardefs.h
    readline-6.2/history.h
    readline-6.2/histlib.h
    readline-6.2/keymaps.h
    readline-6.2/posixdir.h
    readline-6.2/posixjmp.h
    readline-6.2/readline.h
    readline-6.2/posixselect.h
    readline-6.2/posixstat.h
    readline-6.2/rlconf.h
    readline-6.2/rldefs.h
    readline-6.2/rlmbutil.h
    readline-6.2/rlprivate.h
    readline-6.2/rlshell.h
    readline-6.2/rlstdc.h
    readline-6.2/rltty.h
    readline-6.2/rltypedefs.h
    readline-6.2/rlwinsize.h
    readline-6.2/tcap.h
    readline-6.2/tilde.h
    readline-6.2/xmalloc.h
    readline-6.2/bind.c
    readline-6.2/callback.c
    readline-6.2/compat.c
    readline-6.2/complete.c
    readline-6.2/display.c
    readline-6.2/emacs_keymap.c
    readline-6.2/funmap.c
    readline-6.2/input.c
    readline-6.2/isearch.c
    readline-6.2/keymaps.c
    readline-6.2/kill.c
    readline-6.2/macro.c
    readline-6.2/mbutil.c
    readline-6.2/misc.c
    readline-6.2/nls.c
    readline-6.2/parens.c
    readline-6.2/readline.c
    readline-6.2/rltty.c
    readline-6.2/savestring.c
    readline-6.2/search.c
    readline-6.2/shell.c
    readline-6.2/signals.c
    readline-6.2/terminal.c
    readline-6.2/text.c
    readline-6.2/tilde.c
    readline-6.2/undo.c
    readline-6.2/util.c
    readline-6.2/vi_keymap.c
    readline-6.2/vi_mode.c
    readline-6.2/xfree.c
    readline-6.2/xmalloc.c
    readline-6.2/history.c
    readline-6.2/histexpand.c
    readline-6.2/histfile.c
    readline-6.2/histsearch.c
    readline-6.2/patchlevel
    patching file vi_mode.c
    patching file callback.c
    patching file support/shobj-conf
    patching file patchlevel
    patching file input.c
    patching file patchlevel
    patching file vi_mode.c
    patching file patchlevel
    checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

    Beginning configuration for readline-6.2 for x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

    checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
    checking for gcc... gcc
    checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
    checking whether the C compiler works... yes
    checking whether we are cross compiling... no
    checking for suffix of executables...
    checking for suffix of object files... o
    checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
    checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
    checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
    checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
    checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
    checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
    checking for ANSI C header files... yes
    checking for sys/types.h... yes
    checking for sys/stat.h... yes
    checking for stdlib.h... yes
    checking for string.h... yes
    checking for memory.h... yes
    checking for strings.h... yes
    checking for inttypes.h... yes
    checking for stdint.h... yes
    checking for unistd.h... yes
    checking minix/config.h usability... no
    checking minix/config.h presence... no
    checking for minix/config.h... no
    checking whether it is safe to define __EXTENSIONS__... yes
    checking whether gcc needs -traditional... no
    checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
    checking for ar... ar
    checking for ranlib... ranlib
    checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... yes
    checking for function prototypes... yes
    checking whether char is unsigned... no
    checking for working volatile... yes
    checking return type of signal handlers... void
    checking for size_t... yes
    checking for ssize_t... yes
    checking for ANSI C header files... (cached) yes
    checking whether stat file-mode macros are broken... no
    checking for dirent.h that defines DIR... yes
    checking for library containing opendir... none required
    checking for fcntl... yes
    checking for kill... yes
    checking for lstat... yes
    checking for memmove... yes
    checking for putenv... yes
    checking for select... yes
    checking for setenv... yes
    checking for setlocale... yes
    checking for strcasecmp... yes
    checking for strpbrk... yes
    checking for tcgetattr... yes
    checking for vsnprintf... yes
    checking for isascii... yes
    checking for isxdigit... yes
    checking for getpwent... yes
    checking for getpwnam... yes
    checking for getpwuid... yes
    checking for working strcoll... yes
    checking fcntl.h usability... yes
    checking fcntl.h presence... yes
    checking for fcntl.h... yes
    checking for unistd.h... (cached) yes
    checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes
    checking varargs.h usability... no
    checking varargs.h presence... no
    checking for varargs.h... no
    checking stdarg.h usability... yes
    checking stdarg.h presence... yes
    checking for stdarg.h... yes
    checking for string.h... (cached) yes
    checking for strings.h... (cached) yes
    checking limits.h usability... yes
    checking limits.h presence... yes
    checking for limits.h... yes
    checking locale.h usability... yes
    checking locale.h presence... yes
    checking for locale.h... yes
    checking pwd.h usability... yes
    checking pwd.h presence... yes
    checking for pwd.h... yes
    checking for memory.h... (cached) yes
    checking termcap.h usability... no
    checking termcap.h presence... no
    checking for termcap.h... no
    checking termios.h usability... yes
    checking termios.h presence... yes
    checking for termios.h... yes
    checking termio.h usability... yes
    checking termio.h presence... yes
    checking for termio.h... yes
    checking sys/pte.h usability... no
    checking sys/pte.h presence... no
    checking for sys/pte.h... no
    checking sys/stream.h usability... no
    checking sys/stream.h presence... no
    checking for sys/stream.h... no
    checking sys/select.h usability... yes
    checking sys/select.h presence... yes
    checking for sys/select.h... yes
    checking sys/file.h usability... yes
    checking sys/file.h presence... yes
    checking for sys/file.h... yes
    checking for sys/ptem.h... no
    checking for special C compiler options needed for large files... no
    checking for _FILE_OFFSET_BITS value needed for large files... no
    checking for type of signal functions... posix
    checking if signal handlers must be reinstalled when invoked... no
    checking for presence of POSIX-style sigsetjmp/siglongjmp... present
    checking for lstat... yes
    checking whether or not strcoll and strcmp differ... no
    checking whether the ctype macros accept non-ascii characters... yes
    checking whether getpw functions are declared in pwd.h... yes
    checking whether termios.h defines TIOCGWINSZ... no
    checking whether sys/ioctl.h defines TIOCGWINSZ... yes
    checking for sig_atomic_t in signal.h... yes
    checking whether signal handlers are of type void... yes
    checking for TIOCSTAT in sys/ioctl.h... no
    checking for FIONREAD in sys/ioctl.h... yes
    checking for speed_t in sys/types.h... no
    checking for struct winsize in sys/ioctl.h and termios.h... sys/ioctl.h
    checking for struct dirent.d_ino... yes
    checking for struct dirent.d_fileno... yes
    checking for tgetent... no
    checking for tgetent in -ltermcap... no
    checking for tgetent in -ltinfo... no
    checking for tgetent in -lcurses... no
    checking for tgetent in -lncurses... no
    checking which library has the termcap functions... using gnutermcap
    checking wctype.h usability... yes
    checking wctype.h presence... yes
    checking for wctype.h... yes
    checking wchar.h usability... yes
    checking wchar.h presence... yes
    checking for wchar.h... yes
    checking langinfo.h usability... yes
    checking langinfo.h presence... yes
    checking for langinfo.h... yes
    checking for mbrlen... yes
    checking for mbscasecmp... no
    checking for mbscmp... no
    checking for mbsnrtowcs... yes
    checking for mbsrtowcs... yes
    checking for mbschr... no
    checking for wcrtomb... yes
    checking for wcscoll... yes
    checking for wcsdup... yes
    checking for wcwidth... yes
    checking for wctype... yes
    checking for wcswidth... yes
    checking whether mbrtowc and mbstate_t are properly declared... yes
    checking for iswlower... yes
    checking for iswupper... yes
    checking for towlower... yes
    checking for towupper... yes
    checking for iswctype... yes
    checking for nl_langinfo and CODESET... yes
    checking for wchar_t in wchar.h... yes
    checking for wctype_t in wctype.h... yes
    checking for wint_t in wctype.h... yes
    checking configuration for building shared libraries... supported
    configure: creating ./config.status
    config.status: creating Makefile
    config.status: creating doc/Makefile
    config.status: creating examples/Makefile
    config.status: creating shlib/Makefile
    config.status: creating config.h
    config.status: executing default commands
    rm -f readline.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O readline.c
    rm -f vi_mode.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O vi_mode.c
    rm -f funmap.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O funmap.c
    rm -f keymaps.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O keymaps.c
    rm -f parens.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O parens.c
    rm -f search.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O search.c
    rm -f rltty.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O rltty.c
    rm -f complete.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O complete.c
    rm -f bind.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O bind.c
    rm -f isearch.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O isearch.c
    rm -f display.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O display.c
    rm -f signals.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O signals.c
    rm -f util.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O util.c
    rm -f kill.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O kill.c
    rm -f undo.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O undo.c
    rm -f macro.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O macro.c
    rm -f input.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O input.c
    rm -f callback.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O callback.c
    rm -f terminal.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O terminal.c
    rm -f text.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O text.c
    rm -f nls.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O nls.c
    rm -f misc.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O misc.c
    rm -f compat.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O compat.c
    rm -f xfree.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O xfree.c
    rm -f xmalloc.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O xmalloc.c
    rm -f history.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O history.c
    rm -f histexpand.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O histexpand.c
    rm -f histfile.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O histfile.c
    rm -f histsearch.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O histsearch.c
    rm -f shell.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O shell.c
    rm -f mbutil.o
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O mbutil.c
    rm -f tilde.o
    gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -DREADLINE_LIBRARY -c ./tilde.c
    rm -f libreadline.a
    ar cr libreadline.a readline.o vi_mode.o funmap.o keymaps.o parens.o search.o rltty.o complete.o bind.o isearch.o display.o signals.o util.o kill.o undo.o macro.o input.o callback.o terminal.o text.o nls.o misc.o compat.o xfree.o xmalloc.o history.o histexpand.o histfile.o histsearch.o shell.o mbutil.o tilde.o
    test -n "ranlib" && ranlib libreadline.a
    rm -f libhistory.a
    ar cr libhistory.a history.o histexpand.o histfile.o histsearch.o shell.o mbutil.o xmalloc.o xfree.o
    test -n "ranlib" && ranlib libhistory.a
    test -d shlib || mkdir shlib
    ( cd shlib ; make  all )
    make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/pip-build-Ax57Qh/readline/rl/readline-lib/shlib'
    rm -f readline.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o readline.o ../readline.c
    mv readline.o readline.so
    rm -f vi_mode.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o vi_mode.o ../vi_mode.c
    mv vi_mode.o vi_mode.so
    rm -f funmap.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o funmap.o ../funmap.c
    mv funmap.o funmap.so
    rm -f keymaps.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o keymaps.o ../keymaps.c
    mv keymaps.o keymaps.so
    rm -f parens.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o parens.o ../parens.c
    mv parens.o parens.so
    rm -f search.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o search.o ../search.c
    mv search.o search.so
    rm -f rltty.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o rltty.o ../rltty.c
    mv rltty.o rltty.so
    rm -f complete.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o complete.o ../complete.c
    mv complete.o complete.so
    rm -f bind.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o bind.o ../bind.c
    mv bind.o bind.so
    rm -f isearch.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o isearch.o ../isearch.c
    mv isearch.o isearch.so
    rm -f display.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o display.o ../display.c
    mv display.o display.so
    rm -f signals.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o signals.o ../signals.c
    mv signals.o signals.so
    rm -f util.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o util.o ../util.c
    mv util.o util.so
    rm -f kill.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o kill.o ../kill.c
    mv kill.o kill.so
    rm -f undo.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o undo.o ../undo.c
    mv undo.o undo.so
    rm -f macro.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o macro.o ../macro.c
    mv macro.o macro.so
    rm -f input.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o input.o ../input.c
    mv input.o input.so
    rm -f callback.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o callback.o ../callback.c
    mv callback.o callback.so
    rm -f terminal.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o terminal.o ../terminal.c
    mv terminal.o terminal.so
    rm -f text.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o text.o ../text.c
    mv text.o text.so
    rm -f nls.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o nls.o ../nls.c
    mv nls.o nls.so
    rm -f misc.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o misc.o ../misc.c
    mv misc.o misc.so
    rm -f xmalloc.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o xmalloc.o ../xmalloc.c
    mv xmalloc.o xmalloc.so
    rm -f xfree.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o xfree.o ../xfree.c
    mv xfree.o xfree.so
    rm -f history.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o history.o ../history.c
    mv history.o history.so
    rm -f histexpand.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o histexpand.o ../histexpand.c
    mv histexpand.o histexpand.so
    rm -f histfile.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o histfile.o ../histfile.c
    mv histfile.o histfile.so
    rm -f histsearch.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o histsearch.o ../histsearch.c
    mv histsearch.o histsearch.so
    rm -f shell.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o shell.o ../shell.c
    mv shell.o shell.so
    rm -f mbutil.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o mbutil.o ../mbutil.c
    mv mbutil.o mbutil.so
    rm -f tilde.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -DREADLINE_LIBRARY -c -o tilde.o ../tilde.c
    mv tilde.o tilde.so
    rm -f compat.so
    gcc -c -DHAVE_CONFIG_H   -DNEED_EXTERN_PC -fPIC -I. -I.. -I.. -DRL_LIBRARY_VERSION='"6.2"' -g -O -fPIC -o compat.o ../compat.c
    mv compat.o compat.so
    rm -f libreadline.so.6.2
    gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libreadline.so.6.2 -L./lib/termcap -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib -Wl,-soname,`basename libreadline.so.6.2 .2` -o libreadline.so.6.2 readline.so vi_mode.so funmap.so keymaps.so parens.so search.so rltty.so complete.so bind.so isearch.so display.so signals.so util.so kill.so undo.so macro.so input.so callback.so terminal.so text.so nls.so misc.so xmalloc.so xfree.so history.so histexpand.so histfile.so histsearch.so shell.so mbutil.so tilde.so compat.so
    rm -f libhistory.so.6.2
    gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libhistory.so.6.2 -L./lib/termcap -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib -Wl,-soname,`basename libhistory.so.6.2 .2` -o libhistory.so.6.2 history.so histexpand.so histfile.so histsearch.so shell.so mbutil.so xmalloc.so xfree.so
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/pip-build-Ax57Qh/readline/rl/readline-lib/shlib'

    ============ Building the readline library ============


    ============ Building the readline extension module ============

    running install
    running build
    running build_ext
    building 'readline' extension
    creating build
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Modules
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Modules/2.x
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DHAVE_RL_CALLBACK -DHAVE_RL_CATCH_SIGNAL -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_APPEND_CHARACTER -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_DISPLAY_MATCHES_HOOK -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_MATCHES -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_SUPPRESS_APPEND -DHAVE_RL_PRE_INPUT_HOOK -I. -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c Modules/2.x/readline.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/Modules/2.x/readline.o -Wno-strict-prototypes
    Modules/2.x/readline.c:8:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
     #include "Python.h"
                        ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-Ax57Qh/readline/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-KRvGg7-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-Ax57Qh/readline

更新：添加$CPATH 的路径没有帮助

-bash-4.2$ locate Python.h
/usr/include/python2.7/Python.h
-bash-4.2$ echo $CPATH

-bash-4.2$ export CPATH=/usr/include/python2.7/
-bash-4.2$ echo $CPATH
/usr/include/python2.7/

我仍然得到 same 错误运行sudo pip install readline:

Command "/usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-NP1WUS/readline/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-9Uamrv-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-NP1WUS/readline

那么该文件在tmp/中不再存在：

-bash-4.2$ ls -la /tmp/pip-build-*
ls: cannot access /tmp/pip-build-*: No such file or directory

Answer 1

不确定，但是：

尝试安装sudo yum install python-devel

编辑： 你能检查目录 /usr/include/python2.7 是否真的存在吗？看起来 gcc 找不到 Python 的库。

Answer 2

这确实是一个 Linux/gcc 问题，而不是一个 python/pip 问题。此外，如果您查看输出，那么您的问题越紧凑越好，那堵文字墙的最后才是最重要的

pip 完成配置步骤并开始编译时安装失败。编译器找不到Python.h 文件，该文件是包含插件源代码将使用的大量定义的头文件。

失败的长 gcc 命令添加了这个标志-I/usr/include/python2.7

您可以从那里开始查看该路径是否存在，如果存在，则它包含 python 标头。在我的系统上，出于各种原因，我安装了一大堆 python 版本，但总的来说，我的环境配置为环境变量$CPATH 将具有/usr/python/active/include，其中 active 是指向正确版本的链接。所以如果我正在使用 python2.7 这指向/usr/local/python/2.7/include:

来自关于环境变量的 GCC 文档：

CPATH

C_INCLUDE_PATH

CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH

OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH

每个变量的值都是一个由特殊字符分隔的目录列表，很像 PATH，在其中查找头文件。特殊字符 PATH_SEPARATOR 取决于目标，并在 GCC 构建时确定。对于基于 Microsoft Windows 的目标，它是一个分号，而对于几乎所有其他目标，它是一个冒号。

CPATH 指定要搜索的目录列表，就像使用 -I 指定一样，但在命令行上使用 -I 选项给出的任何路径之后。无论预处理哪种语言，都会使用此环境变量。

您可以通过首先找到相关文件所在的目录来解决此问题。尝试查找python可执行文件which python，如果.../bin之前的路径包含/pythonXX/文件夹，则标题应该在/path/to/pythonXX/include中，如果没有，那么它们应该在@987654331中@

它可能会有所不同，具体取决于是否安装了多个版本的 python，如果您在个人工作站或更大的集群上工作，或者您的管理员（或设置时）的偏好/实践你的系统。无论哪种方式，如果您找不到它，请尝试locate Python.h

找到文件后，只需将其添加到 CPATH 变量中，然后重试。

export CPATH=/the/path/to/this/file:$CPATH

然后再试一次。下次您尝试时会出现此问题，因此您可能希望将该行（不带导出）添加到您的 .bashrc 文件中