Python，安装 matplotlib 时出错答案

【问题标题】：Python, Error while installing matplotlibPython，安装 matplotlib 时出错
【发布时间】：2021-02-07 13:02:54
【问题描述】：

操作系统：Windows 10

Python 版本：3.9.0

错误代码：

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.

我试过了：

python -m pip install -U pip
python -m pip install -U matplotlib

没用。

然后我尝试了：

pip install --upgrade setuptools

没有解决问题。

我在 SO 上读到，也许如果我以管理员模式打开 shell，它可以解决问题，但它也不起作用。

我看到有人提到此错误代码的 ez-setup。我安装了它，但也没有用。

不知道是不是有事，但是我的C目录是这样的：

C:\Users\METİNUSTA

它有一个大写的 i 字符，有时会导致应用程序出现问题。我无法更改它，因为我使用的是学校的 Windows 密钥，它不允许我进行任何更改。因此，我在 D: 上安装了 python。

这里还有我的点子列表以获取更多信息：

ez-setup    0.9
flake8      3.8.4
mccabe      0.6.1
pip         20.2.4
pycodestyle 2.6.0
pyflakes    2.2.0
setuptools  50.3.2
wheel       0.35.1

最后是我在 windows powershell 上得到的整个错误日志：

    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'd:\python\python39\python.exe' -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\METİNUSTA\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-8iv10tb_\\matplotlib\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\METİNUSTA\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-8iv10tb_\\matplotlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base 'C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-pip-egg-info-elosrn6m'
         cwd: C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-8iv10tb_\matplotlib\
    Complete output (99 lines):
      WARNING: Missing build requirements in pyproject.toml for numpy>=1.15 from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bf/e8/15aea783ea72e2d4e51e3ec365e8dc4a1a32c9e5eb3a6d695b0d58e67cdd/numpy-1.19.2.zip#sha256=0d310730e1e793527065ad7dde736197b705d0e4c9999775f212b03c44a8484c.
      WARNING: The project does not specify a build backend, and pip cannot fall back to setuptools without 'setuptools>=40.8.0' and 'wheel'.
        ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
         command: 'd:\python\python39\python.exe' 'd:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\METNUS~1\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpqz3brme_'
             cwd: C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy
        Complete output (49 lines):
        Error in sitecustomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback:
        SyntaxError: (unicode error) 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xdd in position 0: unexpected end of data (sitecustomize.py, line 21)
        Running from numpy source directory.
        setup.py:470: UserWarning: Unrecognized setuptools command, proceeding with generating Cython sources and expanding templates
          run_build = parse_setuppy_commands()
        Error in sitecustomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback:
        SyntaxError: (unicode error) 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xdd in position 0: unexpected end of data (sitecustomize.py, line 21)
        Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pxd.in
        Processing numpy/random\bit_generator.pyx
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 59, in process_pyx
            from Cython.Compiler.Version import version as cython_version
        ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Cython'

        During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 235, in <module>
            main()
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 231, in main
            find_process_files(root_dir)
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 222, in find_process_files
            process(root_dir, fromfile, tofile, function, hash_db)
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 188, in process
            processor_function(fromfile, tofile)
          File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-l2wpf1i8\numpy\tools\cythonize.py", line 64, in process_pyx
            raise OSError('Cython needs to be installed in Python as a module')
        OSError: Cython needs to be installed in Python as a module
        Cythonizing sources
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py", line 280, in <module>
            main()
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py", line 263, in main
            json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py", line 133, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
            return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 161, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
            self.run_setup()
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 253, in run_setup
            super(_BuildMetaLegacyBackend,
          File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 145, in run_setup
            exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'), locals())
          File "setup.py", line 499, in <module>
            setup_package()
          File "setup.py", line 479, in setup_package
            generate_cython()
          File "setup.py", line 274, in generate_cython
            raise RuntimeError("Running cythonize failed!")
        RuntimeError: Running cythonize failed!
        ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'd:\python\python39\python.exe' 'd:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\METNUS~1\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpqz3brme_' Check the logs for full command output.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 126, in fetch_build_egg
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\subprocess.py", line 373, in check_call
        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
    subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['d:\\python\\python39\\python.exe', '-m', 'pip', '--disable-pip-version-check', 'wheel', '--no-deps', '-w', 'C:\\Users\\METNUS~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmppoh8r2c9', '--quiet', 'numpy>=1.15']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

    The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\METİNUSTA\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-8iv10tb_\matplotlib\setup.py", line 242, in <module>
        setup(  # Finally, pass this all along to distutils to do the heavy lifting.
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 152, in setup
        _install_setup_requires(attrs)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 147, in _install_setup_requires
        dist.fetch_build_eggs(dist.setup_requires)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 673, in fetch_build_eggs
        resolved_dists = pkg_resources.working_set.resolve(
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 764, in resolve
        dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1049, in best_match
        return self.obtain(req, installer)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1061, in obtain
        return installer(requirement)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 732, in fetch_build_egg
        return fetch_build_egg(self, req)
      File "d:\python\python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 128, in fetch_build_egg
        raise DistutilsError(str(e)) from e
    distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Command '['d:\\python\\python39\\python.exe', '-m', 'pip', '--disable-pip-version-check', 'wheel', '--no-deps', '-w', 'C:\\Users\\METNUS~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmppoh8r2c9', '--quiet', 'numpy>=1.15']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

    Edit setup.cfg to change the build options; suppress output with --quiet.

    BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
      matplotlib: yes [3.3.2]
          python: yes [3.9.0 (tags/v3.9.0:9cf6752, Oct  5 2020, 15:34:40) [MSC
                      v.1927 64 bit (AMD64)]]
        platform: yes [win32]
     sample_data: yes [installing]
           tests: no  [skipping due to configuration]
          macosx: no  [Mac OS-X only]

    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.

【问题讨论】：

matplotlib 尚未为 3.9 版制作轮子，因此您的 python 尝试从源代码构建它。你应该降级到 python 3.8 然后一切都应该工作
非常感谢，请您添加您的评论作为答案吗？所以我可以标记为已解决。

标签： python matplotlib pip

【解决方案1】：

Matplotlib 没有适用于 python 版本 3.10 的轮子。如果尝试在 3.10 版本的 python 中安装 matplotlib 通过

pip install matplotlib

结果：错误：为 matplotlib (setup.py)..error 构建轮子

Matplotlib 依赖得到满足，如下：

cycler = 0.10 
kiwisolver = 1.0.1
numpy = 1.16 
pillow = 6.2.0 
pyparsing = 2.2.1
six = 1.5 
python-dateutil = 2.7

尝试升级 pip 并安装 matplotlib

 python -m pip install -U pip
 python -m pip install -U matplotlib

成功安装 pip-21.3.1 再次它没有安装 Matplotlib。

因此将 Python 版本降低到 3.9 并安装了 Matplotlib。对于为 Matplotlib 定义的 Python 版本高达 3.9 的轮子，请务必使用 Python 3.9 并确保 pip 已升级到可用版本，安装 matplotlib 不会有问题

【讨论】：

这并不能真正回答问题。如果您有其他问题，可以点击提问。要在此问题有新答案时收到通知，您可以follow this question。一旦你有足够的reputation，你也可以add a bounty 来引起对这个问题的更多关注。 - From Review

【解决方案2】：

从源代码安装它（Python >= 3.9.2）：

git clone git://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib.git

并通过以下方式构建和安装：

cd matplotlib
python -mpip install .

如果您希望能够在开发分支发生变化时跟随它，只需将最后一步替换为：

python -mpip install -e .

来源和更多信息在这里：https://matplotlib.org/stable/faq/installing_faq.html#install-from-git

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

编辑： matplotlib 现在已经发布了适用于 python 3.9 的轮子，所以 pip install --upgrade matplotlib 应该可以工作了。

原始答案

matplotlib 尚未为 3.9 版制作轮子，因此您的 python 尝试从源代码构建它。你应该降级到 python 3.8 然后一切都应该工作

【讨论】：

仅供参考，以下是相关 PR，将为 Python 3.9 添加轮子：github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/pull/18842。请注意，从源代码构建应该可以工作，但在 Windows 上，设置构建工具链可能需要一些工作。
如何查看哪些轮子可用于 matplotlib？
对于 Python ^3.9.2：请在下面考虑我的回答

【解决方案4】：

python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip install matplotlib==3.3.1

为我工作。

【讨论】：

【解决方案5】：

这是因为 matplotlib 没有 3.9 轮子..

为了方便使用matplotlib，可以安装anaconda。在 anaconda 环境 matplotlib 中，默认情况下，numpy 和 pandas 可用于安装在 Anaconda 中的 Python。或者您可以使用较低版本的 Python。

【讨论】：