是否有人知道 Selenium（最好是 WebDriver）是否能够与在启动 Selenium 客户端之前已经运行的浏览器进行通信并通过该浏览器进行操作？
我的意思是如果 Selenium 能够在不使用 Selenium 服务器的情况下与浏览器通信（例如，可以是手动启动的 Internet Explorer）。
【问题讨论】：
标签： selenium selenium-webdriver webdriver communication
这是一个相当古老的功能请求：Allow webdriver to attach to a running browser。所以官方不支持。
但是，有一些工作代码声称支持这一点：https://web.archive.org/web/20171214043703/http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium-java/。
【讨论】：
这是可能的。但是你必须稍微破解一下，有一个代码 你所要做的就是运行独立服务器并“修补”RemoteWebDriver
public class CustomRemoteWebDriver : RemoteWebDriver
{
public static bool newSession;
public static string capPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "tmp", "sessionCap");
public static string sessiodIdPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "tmp", "sessionid");
public CustomRemoteWebDriver(Uri remoteAddress)
: base(remoteAddress, new DesiredCapabilities())
{
}
protected override Response Execute(DriverCommand driverCommandToExecute, Dictionary<string, object> parameters)
{
if (driverCommandToExecute == DriverCommand.NewSession)
{
if (!newSession)
{
var capText = File.ReadAllText(capPath);
var sidText = File.ReadAllText(sessiodIdPath);
var cap = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, object>>(capText);
return new Response
{
SessionId = sidText,
Value = cap
};
}
else
{
var response = base.Execute(driverCommandToExecute, parameters);
var dictionary = (Dictionary<string, object>) response.Value;
File.WriteAllText(capPath, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dictionary));
File.WriteAllText(sessiodIdPath, response.SessionId);
return response;
}
}
else
{
var response = base.Execute(driverCommandToExecute, parameters);
return response;
}
}
}
【讨论】：
我正在使用 Rails + Cucumber + Selenium Webdriver + PhantomJS，并且我一直在使用 Selenium Webdriver 的猴子补丁版本，它可以在测试运行之间保持 PhantomJS 浏览器打开。见这篇博文：http://blog.sharetribe.com/2014/04/07/faster-cucumber-startup-keep-phantomjs-browser-open-between-tests/
另请参阅我对这篇文章的回答：How do I execute a command on already opened browser from a ruby file
【讨论】：
这很容易使用 JavaScript selenium-webdriver 客户端：
首先，确保您有一个正在运行的 WebDriver 服务器。例如download ChromeDriver，然后运行chromedriver --port=9515。
二、创建驱动like this：
var driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.withCapabilities(webdriver.Capabilities.chrome())
.usingServer('http://localhost:9515') // <- this
.build();
这是一个完整的例子：
var webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver');
var driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.withCapabilities(webdriver.Capabilities.chrome())
.usingServer('http://localhost:9515')
.build();
driver.get('http://www.google.com');
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('q')).sendKeys('webdriver');
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('btnG')).click();
driver.getTitle().then(function(title) {
console.log(title);
});
driver.quit();
【讨论】：
这是一个重复的答案 **重新连接到 python selenium 中的驱动程序** 这适用于所有驱动程序和 java api。
driver = webdriver.Firefox() #python
url = driver.command_executor._url #"http://127.0.0.1:60622/hub"
session_id = driver.session_id #'4e167f26-dc1d-4f51-a207-f761eaf73c31'
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=url,desired_capabilities={})
driver.close() # this prevents the dummy browser
driver.session_id = session_id
你又连接到你的驱动程序了。
driver.get("http://www.mrsmart.in")
【讨论】：
driver.close()。
selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: Session is already started
到目前为止，所有解决方案都缺乏某些功能。 这是我的解决方案：
public class AttachedWebDriver extends RemoteWebDriver {
public AttachedWebDriver(URL url, String sessionId) {
super();
setSessionId(sessionId);
setCommandExecutor(new HttpCommandExecutor(url) {
@Override
public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
if (command.getName() != "newSession") {
return super.execute(command);
}
return super.execute(new Command(getSessionId(), "getCapabilities"));
}
});
startSession(new DesiredCapabilities());
}
}
【讨论】：
Javascript 解决方案：
我已使用此功能成功附加到现有浏览器会话
webdriver.WebDriver.attachToSession(executor, session_id);
可以在here找到文档。
【讨论】：
我在 python 中得到了一个解决方案，我修改了基于我找到的 PersistenBrowser 类的 webdriver 类。
https://github.com/axelPalmerin/personal/commit/fabddb38a39f378aa113b0cb8d33391d5f91dca5
替换webdriver模块/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py
Ej。使用：
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
runDriver = sys.argv[1]
sessionId = sys.argv[2]
def setBrowser():
if eval(runDriver):
webdriver = w.Remote(command_executor='http://localhost:4444/wd/hub',
desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME,
)
else:
webdriver = w.Remote(command_executor='http://localhost:4444/wd/hub',
desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME,
session_id=sessionId)
url = webdriver.command_executor._url
session_id = webdriver.session_id
print url
print session_id
return webdriver
【讨论】：
受 Eric 回答的启发，这是我针对 selenium 3.7.0 解决此问题的方法。与http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium/的解决方案相比，优点是每次连接现有会话时不会出现空白浏览器窗口。
import warnings
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.remote.errorhandler import ErrorHandler
from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector
from selenium.webdriver.remote.mobile import Mobile
from selenium.webdriver.remote.remote_connection import RemoteConnection
from selenium.webdriver.remote.switch_to import SwitchTo
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
# This webdriver can directly attach to an existing session.
class AttachableWebDriver(WebDriver):
def __init__(self, command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',
desired_capabilities=None, browser_profile=None, proxy=None,
keep_alive=False, file_detector=None, session_id=None):
"""
Create a new driver that will issue commands using the wire protocol.
:Args:
- command_executor - Either a string representing URL of the remote server or a custom
remote_connection.RemoteConnection object. Defaults to 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub'.
- desired_capabilities - A dictionary of capabilities to request when
starting the browser session. Required parameter.
- browser_profile - A selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile.FirefoxProfile object.
Only used if Firefox is requested. Optional.
- proxy - A selenium.webdriver.common.proxy.Proxy object. The browser session will
be started with given proxy settings, if possible. Optional.
- keep_alive - Whether to configure remote_connection.RemoteConnection to use
HTTP keep-alive. Defaults to False.
- file_detector - Pass custom file detector object during instantiation. If None,
then default LocalFileDetector() will be used.
"""
if desired_capabilities is None:
raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities can't be None")
if not isinstance(desired_capabilities, dict):
raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities must be a dictionary")
if proxy is not None:
warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set proxy",
DeprecationWarning)
proxy.add_to_capabilities(desired_capabilities)
self.command_executor = command_executor
if type(self.command_executor) is bytes or isinstance(self.command_executor, str):
self.command_executor = RemoteConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive)
self.command_executor._commands['GET_SESSION'] = ('GET', '/session/$sessionId') # added
self._is_remote = True
self.session_id = session_id # added
self.capabilities = {}
self.error_handler = ErrorHandler()
self.start_client()
if browser_profile is not None:
warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set browser profile",
DeprecationWarning)
if session_id:
self.connect_to_session(desired_capabilities) # added
else:
self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
self._switch_to = SwitchTo(self)
self._mobile = Mobile(self)
self.file_detector = file_detector or LocalFileDetector()
self.w3c = True # added hardcoded
def connect_to_session(self, desired_capabilities):
response = self.execute('GET_SESSION', {
'desiredCapabilities': desired_capabilities,
'sessionId': self.session_id,
})
# self.session_id = response['sessionId']
self.capabilities = response['value']
使用它：
if use_existing_session:
browser = AttachableWebDriver(command_executor=('http://%s:4444/wd/hub' % ip),
desired_capabilities=(DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER),
session_id=session_id)
self.logger.info("Using existing browser with session id {}".format(session_id))
else:
browser = AttachableWebDriver(command_executor=('http://%s:4444/wd/hub' % ip),
desired_capabilities=(DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER))
self.logger.info('New session_id : {}'.format(browser.session_id))
【讨论】：
这个 sn-p 成功地允许重用现有的浏览器实例，同时避免引发重复的浏览器。在Tarun Lalwani 的博客上找到。
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
# executor_url = driver.command_executor._url
# session_id = driver.session_id
def attach_to_session(executor_url, session_id):
original_execute = WebDriver.execute
def new_command_execute(self, command, params=None):
if command == "newSession":
# Mock the response
return {'success': 0, 'value': None, 'sessionId': session_id}
else:
return original_execute(self, command, params)
# Patch the function before creating the driver object
WebDriver.execute = new_command_execute
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=executor_url, desired_capabilities={})
driver.session_id = session_id
# Replace the patched function with original function
WebDriver.execute = original_execute
return driver
bro = attach_to_session('http://127.0.0.1:64092', '8de24f3bfbec01ba0d82a7946df1d1c3')
bro.get('http://ya.ru/')
【讨论】：
# session_id = driver.session_id 是您可以使用 python selenium api 检索 chrome 窗口的会话 ID 的方式。我猜想 chrome 会话中的每个选项卡都没有唯一的 ID。
似乎 selenium 并未正式支持此功能。但是，Tarun Lalwani 已经创建了工作 Java 代码来提供该功能。参考-http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium-java/
这是工作示例代码，从上面的链接复制：
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpCommandCodec;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Collections;
public class TestClass {
public static RemoteWebDriver createDriverFromSession(final SessionId sessionId, URL command_executor){
CommandExecutor executor = new HttpCommandExecutor(command_executor) {
@Override
public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
Response response = null;
if (command.getName() == "newSession") {
response = new Response();
response.setSessionId(sessionId.toString());
response.setStatus(0);
response.setValue(Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());
try {
Field commandCodec = null;
commandCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("commandCodec");
commandCodec.setAccessible(true);
commandCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpCommandCodec());
Field responseCodec = null;
responseCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("responseCodec");
responseCodec.setAccessible(true);
responseCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpResponseCodec());
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
response = super.execute(command);
}
return response;
}
};
return new RemoteWebDriver(executor, new DesiredCapabilities());
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
HttpCommandExecutor executor = (HttpCommandExecutor) driver.getCommandExecutor();
URL url = executor.getAddressOfRemoteServer();
SessionId session_id = driver.getSessionId();
RemoteWebDriver driver2 = createDriverFromSession(session_id, url);
driver2.get("http://tarunlalwani.com");
}
}
您的测试需要从现有浏览器会话中创建 RemoteWebDriver。要创建该驱动程序，您只需要知道“会话信息”，即浏览器正在运行的服务器（在我们的例子中是本地）的地址和浏览器会话 ID。要获取这些详细信息，我们可以使用 selenium 创建一个浏览器会话，打开所需的页面，然后最后运行实际的测试脚本。
我不知道是否有办法获取不是由 selenium 创建的会话的会话信息。
以下是会话信息的示例：
远程服务器地址：http://localhost:24266。每个会话的端口号都不同。 会话 ID：534c7b561aacdd6dc319f60fed27d9d6。
【讨论】：
使用 Python 编程语言的解决方案。
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
executor_url = "http://localhost:4444/wd/hub"
# Create a desired capabilities object as a starting point.
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX.copy()
capabilities['platform'] = "WINDOWS"
capabilities['version'] = "10"
# ------------------------ STEP 1 --------------------------------------------------
# driver1 = webdriver.Firefox()
driver1 = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=executor_url, desired_capabilities=capabilities)
driver1.get('http://google.com/')
url = driver1.command_executor._url
print(driver1.command_executor._url)
print(driver1.session_id)
print(driver1.title)
# Serialize the session id in a file
session_id = driver1.session_id
# ------------------ END OF STEP 1 --------------------------------------------------
# Pass the session id from step 1 to step 2
# ------------------------ STEP 2 --------------------------------------------------
def attach_to_session(executor_url, session_id):
original_execute = WebDriver.execute
def new_command_execute(self, command, params=None):
if command == "newSession":
# Mock the response
return {'success': 0, 'value': None, 'sessionId': session_id}
else:
return original_execute(self, command, params)
# Patch the function before creating the driver object
WebDriver.execute = new_command_execute
temp_driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=executor_url)
# Replace the patched function with original function
WebDriver.execute = original_execute
return temp_driver
# read the session id from the file
driver2 = attach_to_session(executor_url, existing_session_id)
driver2.get('http://msn.com/')
print(driver2.command_executor._url)
print(driver2.session_id)
print(driver2.title)
driver2.close()
# ------------------ END OF STEP 2 --------------------------------------------------
【讨论】：
来自here，如果手动打开浏览器，则可以使用远程调试：
用 chrome 启动
chrome --remote-debugging-port=9222
或使用可选配置文件
chrome.exe --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir="C:\selenum\ChromeProfile"
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
//Change chrome driver path accordingly
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setExperimentalOption("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
Python：
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222")
#Change chrome driver path accordingly
chrome_driver = "C:\chromedriver.exe"
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver, chrome_options=chrome_options)
print driver.title
【讨论】：
使用 Chrome 的内置远程调试。在远程调试端口打开的情况下启动 Chrome。我在 OS X 上做了这个：
sudo nohup /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome --remote-debugging-port=9222 &
告诉 Selenium 使用远程调试端口：
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--remote-debugging-port=9222')
driver = webdriver.Chrome("./chromedriver", chrome_options=options)
【讨论】：