如何将 HashMap 作为 JSON 类型插入 PostgreSQL？

Question

contacts 的数据结构为HashMap，我使用PostgreSQL 客户端-rust-postgres 将contact 的键和值插入到表中，然后我想从表中进行选择。以下是我到目前为止所尝试的。我需要帮助来编写正确的语法。

use postgres::{Client, NoTls};
use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let mut client = Client::connect("host=127.0.0.1 user=postgres", NoTls)?;

    client.simple_query("
        DROP TABLE 
        IF EXISTS following_relation;
        ")?;

    client.simple_query("
        CREATE TABLE following_relation (
            id               SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
            relation         JSON NOT NULL
        )
    ")?;

    let mut contacts = HashMap::new();
    let mut v: Vec<String> = Vec::new();

    v = vec!["jump".to_owned(), "jog".to_string()];
    contacts.insert("Ashley", v.clone());

    for (name, hobby) in contacts.iter() {
        // 1. How to write sql statement with parameters?
        client.execute(
        "INSERT INTO following_relation(relation) 
         VALUE ('{"name" : $1, "hobby" : $2}')", 
        &[&name, &hobby],
    )?;  
    }

    for row in client.query("SELECT id, relation FROM following_relation", &[])? {
        // 2. How to read from parse the result?
        let id: i32 = row.get(0);
        let relation = row.get(1);
        //println!("found person: {} {} {:?}", id, relation["name"], relation["hobby"]); 
    }
    Ok(())
}

我得到了提示

1. 正如错误消息所说，您的查询有 VALUE，但它必须是 VALUES。
2. 查询参数不能插入到字符串中。您应该在 Rust 中构建对象，并在插入时使用 https://docs.rs/postgres/0.17.0/postgres/types/struct.Json.html 包装类型。

我不知道如何在这里申请pub struct Json<T>(pub T);。

如何构建函数execute所需的query？

pub fn execute<T: ?Sized>(
    &mut self,
    query: &T,
    params: &[&(dyn ToSql + Sync)]
) -> Result<u64, Error>
where
    T: ToStatement, 

---

已更新，我尝试使用更简短的代码示例

use postgres::{Client, NoTls};
use postgres::types::Json;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct relations {
    name : String,
    hobby: Vec<String>
}
pub struct Json<T>(pub T);

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let mut client = Client::connect("host=127.0.0.1 user=postgres", NoTls)?;

    client.simple_query("
        DROP TABLE 
        IF EXISTS following_relation;

        ")?;

    client.simple_query("
        CREATE TABLE following_relation (
            id      SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
            relation    JSON NOT NULL
        )
    ")?;

    let rel = relations {
        name: "czfzdxx".to_string(),
        hobby: vec![
            "basketball".to_string(),
            "jogging".to_string()
        ],
    };

    client.execute(
        r#"INSERT INTO following_relation(relation)
             VALUE ($1)"#,
        &[&Json(&rel)]
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

我明白了

error[E0432]: unresolved import `postgres::types::Json`

Answer 1

你想要 Rust raw string literal:

for (name, hobby) in contacts.iter() {
    client.execute(
        r#"INSERT INTO following_relation(relation) 
           VALUE ('{"name" : ($1), "hobby" : ($2)}')"#,
        &[&name, &following],
    )?;
}

在开头r#" 和结尾"# 之间，您的字符串文字可以包含除# 本身之外的任何字符而无需转义。如果您还想要 # 本身，则以多个 #s 开始原始字符串文字，并以匹配数量的 #s 结束。

Answer 2

这里是main.rs：

use postgres::{Client, NoTls};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use postgres_types::Json;
use postgres_types::{FromSql};


#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, FromSql)]
struct Relation {
    name : String,
    hobby: Vec<String>
}

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let mut client = Client::connect("host=127.0.0.1 user=postgres", NoTls)?;

    client.simple_query("
        DROP TABLE 
        IF EXISTS following_relation;

        ")?;

    client.simple_query("
        CREATE TABLE following_relation (
            id      SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
            relation    JSON NOT NULL
        )
    ")?;

    let rel = Relation {
        name: "czfzdxx".to_string(),
        hobby: vec![
            "basketball".to_string(),
            "jogging".to_string()
        ],
    };

    client.execute(
        "INSERT INTO following_relation (relation) VALUES ($1)",
        &[&Json::<Relation>(rel)]
    )?;

    for row in &client.query("SELECT relation FROM following_relation", &[]).unwrap() {
        let rel: Json<Relation> = row.get(0);
        println!("{:?}", rel);
    }

    Ok(())
}

和Cargo.toml:

[package]
name = "testapp"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2018"

# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

[dependencies]
postgres = {version = "0.17.0"}
tokio-postgres = "0.5.1"
serde = {version = "1.0.104", features = ["derive"]}
postgres-types = {version = "0.1.0", features = ["derive", "with-serde_json-1"]}
serde_json = "1.0.45"

这里是使用的相关文档：postgres_types 和 postgres。搜索 serde_json、ToSql 和 FromSql 特征是为此第三方类型实现的。