XAML 中只读属性的 OneWayToSource 绑定

Question

我正在尝试以OneWayToSource 作为模式绑定到Readonly 属性，但在XAML 中似乎无法做到这一点：

<controls:FlagThingy IsModified="{Binding FlagIsModified, 
                                          ElementName=container, 
                                          Mode=OneWayToSource}" />

我明白了：

无法设置属性“FlagThingy.IsModified”，因为它没有可访问的 set 访问器。

IsModified 是FlagThingy 上的只读DependencyProperty。我想将该值绑定到容器上的 FlagIsModified 属性。

要明确：

FlagThingy.IsModified --> container.FlagIsModified
------ READONLY -----     ----- READWRITE --------

这是否可能仅使用 XAML？

---

更新：好吧，我通过在容器上而不是在FlagThingy 上设置绑定来解决这个问题。但我仍然想知道这是否可能。

Answer 1

这是 WPF 的限制，这是设计使然。在此处连接报道：
OneWayToSource binding from a readonly dependency property

我做了一个解决方案，可以动态地将只读依赖属性推送到名为PushBinding 的源，我blogged about here。下面的示例将 OneWayToSource 从只读 DP 的 ActualWidth 和 ActualHeight 绑定到 DataContext 的 Width 和 Height 属性

<TextBlock Name="myTextBlock">
    <pb:PushBindingManager.PushBindings>
        <pb:PushBinding TargetProperty="ActualHeight" Path="Height"/>
        <pb:PushBinding TargetProperty="ActualWidth" Path="Width"/>
    </pb:PushBindingManager.PushBindings>
</TextBlock>

PushBinding 通过使用两个依赖属性，监听器和镜像来工作。侦听器绑定OneWay 到 TargetProperty，并在 PropertyChangedCallback 中更新绑定 OneWayToSource 的 Mirror 属性到绑定中指定的任何内容。

Demo Project can be Downloaded Here.
它包含源代码和简短的示例用法。

Answer 2

我解决此限制的方法是在我的类中仅公开一个 Binding 属性，使 DependencyProperty 完全保持私有。我实现了一个“PropertyBindingToSource”只写属性（这不是 DependencyProperty），它可以设置为 xaml 中的绑定值。在这个只写属性的设置器中，我调用 BindingOperations.SetBinding 以将绑定链接到 DependencyProperty。

对于 OP 的具体示例，它看起来像这样：

FlatThingy 实现：

public partial class FlatThingy : UserControl
{
    public FlatThingy()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    public Binding IsModifiedBindingToSource
    {
        set
        {
            if (value?.Mode != BindingMode.OneWayToSource)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("IsModifiedBindingToSource must be set to a OneWayToSource binding");
            }

            BindingOperations.SetBinding(this, IsModifiedProperty, value);
        }
    }

    public bool IsModified
    {
        get { return (bool)GetValue(IsModifiedProperty); }
        private set { SetValue(IsModifiedProperty, value); }
    }

    private static readonly DependencyProperty IsModifiedProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("IsModified", typeof(bool), typeof(FlatThingy), new PropertyMetadata(false));

    private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        IsModified = !IsModified;
    }
}

请注意，静态只读 DependencyProperty 对象是私有的。在控件中，我添加了一个按钮，其单击由 Button_Click 处理。 在我的 window.xaml 中使用 FlatThingy 控件：

<Window x:Class="ReadOnlyBinding.MainWindow"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ReadOnlyBinding"
    mc:Ignorable="d"
    DataContext="{x:Static local:ViewModel.Instance}"
    Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
<Grid>
    <Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <RowDefinition />
        <RowDefinition />
    </Grid.RowDefinitions>

    <TextBlock Text="{Binding FlagIsModified}" Grid.Row="0" />
    <local:FlatThingy IsModifiedBindingToSource="{Binding FlagIsModified, Mode=OneWayToSource}" Grid.Row="1" />
</Grid>

请注意，我还实现了一个用于绑定的 ViewModel，此处未显示。它公开了一个名为“FlagIsModified”的 DependencyProperty，您可以从上面的源代码中收集到。

效果很好，允许我以松散耦合的方式将信息从 View 推回 ViewModel，并明确定义信息流的方向。

Answer 3

这是另一个基于 SizeObserver 的附加属性解决方案，在此处详述 Pushing read-only GUI properties back into ViewModel

public static class MouseObserver
{
    public static readonly DependencyProperty ObserveProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
        "Observe",
        typeof(bool),
        typeof(MouseObserver),
        new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(OnObserveChanged));

    public static readonly DependencyProperty ObservedMouseOverProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
        "ObservedMouseOver",
        typeof(bool),
        typeof(MouseObserver));


    public static bool GetObserve(FrameworkElement frameworkElement)
    {
        return (bool)frameworkElement.GetValue(ObserveProperty);
    }

    public static void SetObserve(FrameworkElement frameworkElement, bool observe)
    {
        frameworkElement.SetValue(ObserveProperty, observe);
    }

    public static bool GetObservedMouseOver(FrameworkElement frameworkElement)
    {
        return (bool)frameworkElement.GetValue(ObservedMouseOverProperty);
    }

    public static void SetObservedMouseOver(FrameworkElement frameworkElement, bool observedMouseOver)
    {
        frameworkElement.SetValue(ObservedMouseOverProperty, observedMouseOver);
    }

    private static void OnObserveChanged(DependencyObject dependencyObject, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        var frameworkElement = (FrameworkElement)dependencyObject;
        if ((bool)e.NewValue)
        {
            frameworkElement.MouseEnter += OnFrameworkElementMouseOverChanged;
            frameworkElement.MouseLeave += OnFrameworkElementMouseOverChanged;
            UpdateObservedMouseOverForFrameworkElement(frameworkElement);
        }
        else
        {
            frameworkElement.MouseEnter -= OnFrameworkElementMouseOverChanged;
            frameworkElement.MouseLeave -= OnFrameworkElementMouseOverChanged;
        }
    }

    private static void OnFrameworkElementMouseOverChanged(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        UpdateObservedMouseOverForFrameworkElement((FrameworkElement)sender);
    }

    private static void UpdateObservedMouseOverForFrameworkElement(FrameworkElement frameworkElement)
    {
        frameworkElement.SetCurrentValue(ObservedMouseOverProperty, frameworkElement.IsMouseOver);
    }
}

在控件中声明附加属性

<ListView ItemsSource="{Binding SomeGridItems}"                             
     ut:MouseObserver.Observe="True"
     ut:MouseObserver.ObservedMouseOver="{Binding IsMouseOverGrid, Mode=OneWayToSource}">    

Answer 4

这是绑定到 Validation.HasError 的另一种实现

public static class OneWayToSource
{
    public static readonly DependencyProperty BindingsProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
        "Bindings",
        typeof(OneWayToSourceBindings),
        typeof(OneWayToSource),
        new PropertyMetadata(default(OneWayToSourceBindings), OnBinidngsChanged));

    public static void SetBindings(this FrameworkElement element, OneWayToSourceBindings value)
    {
        element.SetValue(BindingsProperty, value);
    }

    [AttachedPropertyBrowsableForChildren(IncludeDescendants = false)]
    [AttachedPropertyBrowsableForType(typeof(FrameworkElement))]
    public static OneWayToSourceBindings GetBindings(this FrameworkElement element)
    {
        return (OneWayToSourceBindings)element.GetValue(BindingsProperty);
    }

    private static void OnBinidngsChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        ((OneWayToSourceBindings)e.OldValue)?.ClearValue(OneWayToSourceBindings.ElementProperty);
        ((OneWayToSourceBindings)e.NewValue)?.SetValue(OneWayToSourceBindings.ElementProperty, d);
    }
}

public class OneWayToSourceBindings : FrameworkElement
{
    private static readonly PropertyPath DataContextPath = new PropertyPath(nameof(DataContext));
    private static readonly PropertyPath HasErrorPath = new PropertyPath($"({typeof(Validation).Name}.{Validation.HasErrorProperty.Name})");
    public static readonly DependencyProperty HasErrorProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
        nameof(HasError),
        typeof(bool),
        typeof(OneWayToSourceBindings),
        new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(default(bool), FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.BindsTwoWayByDefault));

    internal static readonly DependencyProperty ElementProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
        "Element",
        typeof(UIElement),
        typeof(OneWayToSourceBindings),
        new PropertyMetadata(default(UIElement), OnElementChanged));

    private static readonly DependencyProperty HasErrorProxyProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
        "HasErrorProxy",
        typeof(bool),
        typeof(OneWayToSourceBindings),
        new PropertyMetadata(default(bool), OnHasErrorProxyChanged));

    public bool HasError
    {
        get { return (bool)this.GetValue(HasErrorProperty); }
        set { this.SetValue(HasErrorProperty, value); }
    }

    private static void OnHasErrorProxyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        d.SetCurrentValue(HasErrorProperty, e.NewValue);
    }

    private static void OnElementChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.NewValue == null)
        {
            BindingOperations.ClearBinding(d, DataContextProperty);
            BindingOperations.ClearBinding(d, HasErrorProxyProperty);
        }
        else
        {
            var dataContextBinding = new Binding
                                         {
                                             Path = DataContextPath,
                                             Mode = BindingMode.OneWay,
                                             Source = e.NewValue
                                         };
            BindingOperations.SetBinding(d, DataContextProperty, dataContextBinding);

            var hasErrorBinding = new Binding
                                      {
                                          Path = HasErrorPath,
                                          Mode = BindingMode.OneWay,
                                          Source = e.NewValue
                                      };
            BindingOperations.SetBinding(d, HasErrorProxyProperty, hasErrorBinding);
        }
    }
}

在xaml中的使用

<StackPanel>
    <TextBox Text="{Binding Value, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}">
        <local:OneWayToSource.Bindings>
            <local:OneWayToSourceBindings HasError="{Binding HasError}" />
        </local:OneWayToSource.Bindings>
    </TextBox>
    <CheckBox IsChecked="{Binding HasError, Mode=OneWay}" />
</StackPanel>

此实现特定于绑定Validation.HasError

Answer 5

这样写的：

用法：

<TextBox Text="{Binding Text}"
         p:OneWayToSource.Bind="{p:Paths From={x:Static Validation.HasErrorProperty},
                                         To=SomeDataContextProperty}" />

代码：

using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Markup;

public static class OneWayToSource
{
    public static readonly DependencyProperty BindProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
        "Bind",
        typeof(ProxyBinding),
        typeof(OneWayToSource),
        new PropertyMetadata(default(Paths), OnBindChanged));

    public static void SetBind(this UIElement element, ProxyBinding value)
    {
        element.SetValue(BindProperty, value);
    }

    [AttachedPropertyBrowsableForChildren(IncludeDescendants = false)]
    [AttachedPropertyBrowsableForType(typeof(UIElement))]
    public static ProxyBinding GetBind(this UIElement element)
    {
        return (ProxyBinding)element.GetValue(BindProperty);
    }

    private static void OnBindChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        ((ProxyBinding)e.OldValue)?.Dispose();
    }

    public class ProxyBinding : DependencyObject, IDisposable
    {
        private static readonly DependencyProperty SourceProxyProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
            "SourceProxy",
            typeof(object),
            typeof(ProxyBinding),
            new PropertyMetadata(default(object), OnSourceProxyChanged));

        private static readonly DependencyProperty TargetProxyProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
            "TargetProxy",
            typeof(object),
            typeof(ProxyBinding),
            new PropertyMetadata(default(object)));

        public ProxyBinding(DependencyObject source, DependencyProperty sourceProperty, string targetProperty)
        {
            var sourceBinding = new Binding
            {
                Path = new PropertyPath(sourceProperty),
                Source = source,
                Mode = BindingMode.OneWay,
            };

            BindingOperations.SetBinding(this, SourceProxyProperty, sourceBinding);

            var targetBinding = new Binding()
            {
                Path = new PropertyPath($"{nameof(FrameworkElement.DataContext)}.{targetProperty}"),
                Mode = BindingMode.OneWayToSource,
                Source = source
            };

            BindingOperations.SetBinding(this, TargetProxyProperty, targetBinding);
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            BindingOperations.ClearAllBindings(this);
        }

        private static void OnSourceProxyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            d.SetCurrentValue(TargetProxyProperty, e.NewValue);
        }
    }
}

[MarkupExtensionReturnType(typeof(OneWayToSource.ProxyBinding))]
public class Paths : MarkupExtension
{
    public DependencyProperty From { get; set; }

    public string To { get; set; }

    public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    {
        var provideValueTarget = (IProvideValueTarget)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IProvideValueTarget));
        var targetObject = (UIElement)provideValueTarget.TargetObject;
        return new OneWayToSource.ProxyBinding(targetObject, this.From, this.To);
    }
}

还没有在样式和模板中测试过，估计需要特殊的大小写。

Answer 6

嗯...我不确定我是否同意这些解决方案。如何在忽略外部变化的属性注册中指定强制回调？例如，我需要实现一个只读的 Position 依赖属性来获取 MediaElement 控件在用户控件中的位置。我是这样做的：

    public static readonly DependencyProperty PositionProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Position", typeof(double), typeof(MediaViewer),
        new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(0d, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.BindsTwoWayByDefault | FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.Journal, OnPositionChanged, OnPositionCoerce));

    private static void OnPositionChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        var ctrl = d as MediaViewer;
    }

    private static object OnPositionCoerce(DependencyObject d, object value)
    {
        var ctrl = d as MediaViewer;
        var position = ctrl.MediaRenderer.Position.TotalSeconds;

        if (ctrl.MediaRenderer.NaturalDuration.HasTimeSpan == false)
            return 0d;
        else
            return Math.Min(position, ctrl.Duration);
    }

    public double Position
    {
        get { return (double)GetValue(PositionProperty); }
        set { SetValue(PositionProperty, value); }
    }

换句话说，只需忽略更改并返回由没有公共修饰符的不同成员支持的值。 -- 在上面的例子中，MediaRenderer实际上是私有的MediaElement控件。

Answer 7

OneWayToSource 的一些研究结果...

选项#1。

// Control definition
public partial class FlagThingy : UserControl
{
    public static readonly DependencyProperty IsModifiedProperty = 
            DependencyProperty.Register("IsModified", typeof(bool), typeof(FlagThingy), new PropertyMetadata());
}

<controls:FlagThingy x:Name="_flagThingy" />

// Binding Code
Binding binding = new Binding();
binding.Path = new PropertyPath("FlagIsModified");
binding.ElementName = "container";
binding.Mode = BindingMode.OneWayToSource;
_flagThingy.SetBinding(FlagThingy.IsModifiedProperty, binding);

选项#2

// Control definition
public partial class FlagThingy : UserControl
{
    public static readonly DependencyProperty IsModifiedProperty = 
            DependencyProperty.Register("IsModified", typeof(bool), typeof(FlagThingy), new PropertyMetadata());

    public bool IsModified
    {
        get { return (bool)GetValue(IsModifiedProperty); }
        set { throw new Exception("An attempt ot modify Read-Only property"); }
    }
}

<controls:FlagThingy IsModified="{Binding Path=FlagIsModified, 
    ElementName=container, Mode=OneWayToSource}" />

选项#3（真正的只读依赖属性）

System.ArgumentException: 'IsModified' 属性不能是数据绑定的。

// Control definition
public partial class FlagThingy : UserControl
{
    private static readonly DependencyPropertyKey IsModifiedKey =
        DependencyProperty.RegisterReadOnly("IsModified", typeof(bool), typeof(FlagThingy), new PropertyMetadata());

    public static readonly DependencyProperty IsModifiedProperty = 
        IsModifiedKey.DependencyProperty;
}

<controls:FlagThingy x:Name="_flagThingy" />

// Binding Code
Same binding code...

Reflector 给出了答案：

internal static BindingExpression CreateBindingExpression(DependencyObject d, DependencyProperty dp, Binding binding, BindingExpressionBase parent)
{
    FrameworkPropertyMetadata fwMetaData = dp.GetMetadata(d.DependencyObjectType) as FrameworkPropertyMetadata;
    if (((fwMetaData != null) && !fwMetaData.IsDataBindingAllowed) || dp.ReadOnly)
    {
        throw new ArgumentException(System.Windows.SR.Get(System.Windows.SRID.PropertyNotBindable, new object[] { dp.Name }), "dp");
    }
 ....

Answer 8

您现在正在以错误的方向进行绑定。每当 IsModified 更改您正在创建的控件时，OneWayToSource 将尝试更新容器上的 FlagIsModified。您想要相反，即让 IsModified 绑定到 container.FlagIsModified。为此，您应该使用绑定模式 OneWay

<controls:FlagThingy IsModified="{Binding FlagIsModified, 
                                          ElementName=container, 
                                          Mode=OneWay}" />

枚举成员的完整列表：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.data.bindingmode.aspx

Answer 9

WPF 不会使用 CLR 属性设置器，但它似乎基于它进行了一些奇怪的验证。

可能在你的情况下这可以：

    public bool IsModified
    {
        get { return (bool)GetValue(IsModifiedProperty); }
        set { throw new Exception("An attempt ot modify Read-Only property"); }
    }