【问题标题】：Heroku on Rails - Invalid DATABASE_URLHeroku on Rails - 无效的 DATABASE_URL
【发布时间】：2012-01-29 09:38:43
【问题描述】：

编辑：一般建议是使用 CEDAR 堆栈。

对 RoR、Gems、Heroku 和 Git 来说还算陌生。后续教程：http://ruby.railstutorial.org/book/ruby-on-rails-tutorial

在 localhost 上运行顺利，当部署到 Heroku 时出现 ConnectionNotEstablished 错误，这里解决了： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7542745/heroku-error-activerecordconnectionnotestablished （顺便说一句：遵循相同的教程） 将生产数据库更改为 PostgreSQL (gem 'pg') 后会产生另一个错误：

访问现场网站

应用程序发生错误，您的页面无法访问服务。请稍后再试。

如果您是应用程序所有者，请查看您的日志以了解详细信息。

试过这个 - Heroku app crashed, receiving "Invalid DATABASE URL" when attempting heroku rake db:migrate - heroku rake db:迁移

rake aborted!
Invalid DATABASE_URL

Tasks: TOP => db:migrate => db:load_config
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

heroku 控制台

Internal server error

宝石文件

source 'http://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails', '3.1.1'

group :development do
  gem 'rspec-rails', '2.6.1'
  gem 'annotate', '~> 2.4.1.beta' 
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

group :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails', '2.6.1'
  gem 'webrat', '0.7.1'
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

group :production do
    gem 'pg'
end

group :assets do
  gem 'sass-rails',   '~> 3.1.4'
  gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 3.1.1'
  gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3'
end

heroku 日志

9:02+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/thin-1.2.6/lib/thin/runner.rb:143:in `run!'
9:02+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/thin-1.2.6/bin/thin:6:in `<top (required)>'
9:02+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/thin-1.2.6/lib/thin/runner.rb:177:in `run_command'
9:02+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru:18:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
9:02+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.3.6/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `initialize'
9:02+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/bin/thin:19:in `<main>'
9:02+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/bin/thin:19:in `load'
9:03+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed
9:04+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited
1:58+00:00 heroku[slugc]: Slug compilation started
3:09+00:00 heroku[api]: Deploy 3dea426 by mstefanow@gmail.com
3:09+00:00 heroku[api]: Release v7 created by mstefanow@gmail.com
3:09+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from crashed to created
3:09+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting
3:10+00:00 heroku[slugc]: Slug compilation finished
3:12+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `thin -p 44881 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start`
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]: (erb):9:in `rescue in <main>': Invalid DATABASE_URL (RuntimeError)
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from (erb):6:in `<main>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/erb.rb:753:in `eval'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/erb.rb:753:in `result'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/application/configuration.rb:106:in `database_configuration'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:36:in `instance_eval'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/railtie.rb:68:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Railtie>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:36:in `execute_hook'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:43:in `block in run_load_hooks'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:42:in `each'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:42:in `run_load_hooks'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb:2190:in `<top (required)>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `require'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `block in require'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:225:in `load_dependency'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `require'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:489:in `load_missing_constant'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/app/models/user.rb:12:in `<top (required)>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:179:in `each'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:179:in `const_missing'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:124:in `block in constantize'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:123:in `each'
3:15+00:00 a
 from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:123:in `constantize'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb:43:in `constantize'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:348:in `require_or_load'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:181:in `block in const_missing'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.1.1/lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:148:in `_default_wrap_model'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.1.1/lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:167:in `_set_wrapper_defaults'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.1.1/lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:128:in `inherited'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.1.1/lib/abstract_controller/railties/routes_helpers.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in wi

3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-3.1.1/lib/action_controller/railties/paths.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in with'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/app/controllers/users_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `block in require'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:225:in `load_dependency'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `require'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `require'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:348:in `require_or_load'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:302:in `depend_on'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.1.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:214:in `require_dependency'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:417:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load!'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:416:in `each'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:416:in `block in eager_load!'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:414:in `each'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:414:in `eager_load!'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:51:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `each'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/application.rb:96:in `initialize!'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from <internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from <internal:lib/rubygems/custom_require>:29:in `require'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from config.ru:3:in `block (3 levels) in <main>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru:23:in `eval'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru:23:in `block (3 levels) in <main>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/railties-3.1.1/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `method_missing'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.3.6/lib/rack/builder.rb:120:in `new'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.3.6/lib/rack/builder.rb:120:in `map'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru:18:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.3.6/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `instance_eval'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.3.6/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `initialize'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru:11:in `new'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.3.6/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `instance_eval'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.3.6/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `initialize'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru:11:in `block in <main>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.3.6/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `instance_eval'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /app/.bundle/gems/ruby/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.3.6/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `initialize'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru:1:in `new'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru:1:in `<main>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/thin-1.2.6/lib/rack/adapter/loader.rb:36:in `eval'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/thin-1.2.6/lib/rack/adapter/loader.rb:36:in `load'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/thin-1.2.6/lib/thin/controllers/controller.rb:175:in `load_rackup_config'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/thin-1.2.6/lib/thin/controllers/controller.rb:65:in `start'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/thin-1.2.6/lib/thin/runner.rb:143:in `run!'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/thin-1.2.6/bin/thin:6:in `<top (required)>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/bin/thin:19:in `load'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/bin/thin:19:in `<main>'
3:15+00:00 app[web.1]:   from /usr/ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/thin-1.2.6/lib/thin/runner.rb:177:in `run_command'
3:16+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed
3:17+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited
5:55+00:00 heroku[router]: Error H10 (App crashed) -> GET high-wind-7473.heroku.com/pages/home dyno= queue= wait= service= status=503 bytes=
5:57+00:00 heroku[router]: Error H10 (App crashed) -> GET high-wind-7473.heroku.com/pages/home dyno= queue= wait= service= status=503 bytes=

有点卡住，请帮忙（指向正确的方向）

当然

bundle install
git add .
git commit -m "another heroku fix"
git push
git push heroku

【问题讨论】：

标签： ruby-on-rails ruby-on-rails-3 postgresql rubygems heroku

【解决方案1】：

我首先要做的是将您的应用程序移至 Cedar Stack - 它支持开箱即用的 Rails 3.1，无需做任何事情。

当您通过heroku create 创建您的应用时，请按照以下方式操作

heroku create --stack cedar

然后重新推送到此堆栈 - 您可能会发现您的问题将全部消失。要记住的是在您的命令中添加“运行”、heroku 运行控制台、heroku 运行 rake db:migrate 等。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

您能否输入 heroku config --long --(app name)。请发布结果，尤其是 DATABASE_URL。

需要更多信息。另外，一定要确保你在上面提到的雪松堆栈上。

【讨论】：

BUNDLE_WITHOUT => development:test LANG => en_US.UTF-8 RACK_ENV => 生产迁移到雪松，正如其他答案中所建议的那样。
迁移到 cedar 并不是那么简单，postgre/sqlite 的一些问题下一次将从一开始就使用 --database=postgresql。无论如何感谢您的帮助，现在我将在不部署的情况下完成教程...
缺少数据库 URL...。您是否安装了共享数据库插件？它应该在共享数据库 URL 下方吐出数据库 URL。如果有问题，听起来好像就在那里。至少应该有一个默认值。

【解决方案3】：

我遇到了完全相同的问题。原来我没有与该应用程序关联的数据库。您将通过简单的heroku config 命令看到这一点——您应该在那里看到一些指向 Amazon 的数据库 URL。例如：

$ h config
DATABASE_URL        => postgres://fakedexgwa:fakepassword@ec2-33-44-55-77.compute-1.amazonaws.com/fakedexgwa

无论如何，我通过创建一个全新的应用程序 并部署到它来解决这个问题。我尝试在配置屏幕中摆弄，但无法解决问题。

我不确定这是否与您的原因相同：我创建了一个简单的 Ruby 应用程序，部署了它，然后创建了一个 Rails 应用程序。我还没有使用任何数据库，我想知道 Heroku 是否以某种方式决定我不需要数据库的第一个部署。

【讨论】：

嘿，叫我疯了，但您可能想更改您的实际数据库密码或编辑此帖子，这样您的数据库凭据就不会向全世界广播？
嘿，疯了！我更改了帖子，因此更明显的是假数据...仅供参考，我最初并没有发布我的真实凭据。
好的，呸！很高兴听到！只是想帮忙。

【解决方案4】：

您需要将DATABASE_URL 环境变量设置为您的在线postgres db 的路径。

尝试运行heroku pg。如果输出是“myapp 没有 heroku-postgresql 数据库”。那么你需要先添加 PostgreSQL 插件。它将在 Amazon AWS 上为您创建一个 postgres 数据库。

heroku addons:add heroku-postgresql:hobby-basic

（爱好基础是免费计划）

要查找新数据库的 URL，请运行

heroku config

您应该会看到一个以HEROKU_POSTGRESQL 开头的变量。复制它的值（它应该以postgres:// 开头并使用它来设置DATABASE_URL

heroku config:set DATABASE_URL=postgres://your-db-url

【讨论】：

【解决方案5】：

在配置文件中设置 DATABASE_URL 的另一种方法是运行命令

heroku pg:promote HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_COLOR_URL

.._COLOR_URL 将按照 rodrei 的建议从运行 heroku 配置中获取

查看 heroku 文档： https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-postgresql#establish-primary-db

【讨论】：

【解决方案6】：

请阅读这篇文章：

ClearDB MySQL Database

命令：

heroku 配置

或者，如果您将一个 rails 项目用于多个 heroku 项目

heroku 配置 --app your_app_name

添加数据库 URL：

heroku config:set DATABASE_URL='mysql://adffdadf2341:adf4234@us-cdbr-east.cleardb.com/heroku_db?reconnect=true'

如果你使用mysql2 gem必须用mysql2替换mysql

heroku config:set DATABASE_URL='mysql2://adffdadf2341:adf4234@us-cdbr-east.cleardb.com/heroku_db?reconnect=true'

我希望这些配置可以用于 PostgreSQL、NoSQL 数据库或其他数据库。

【讨论】：