如何配置 docker 以使用 django 和 postgres？

【问题标题】：How to configure docker to work with django and postgres?如何配置 docker 以使用 django 和 postgres？
【发布时间】：2018-10-18 11:04:19
【问题描述】：

我有一个 django 项目，它有一个 postgresql 数据库。在我的本地端一切正常，但是当我尝试docker-compose up 时，它会抛出这样的错误

Starting 71a52ffe37d1_locallibrary_db_1 ... done
Starting locallibrary_web_1             ... done
Attaching to 71a52ffe37d1_locallibrary_db_1, locallibrary_web_1
71a52ffe37d1_locallibrary_db_1 | 2018-05-08 13:11:51.451 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
71a52ffe37d1_locallibrary_db_1 | 2018-05-08 13:11:51.451 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
71a52ffe37d1_locallibrary_db_1 | 2018-05-08 13:11:51.463 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
71a52ffe37d1_locallibrary_db_1 | 2018-05-08 13:11:51.630 UTC [21] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2018-05-08 12:59:50 UTC
71a52ffe37d1_locallibrary_db_1 | 2018-05-08 13:11:51.636 UTC [1] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
web_1  | /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py:144: UserWarning: The psycopg2 wheel package will be renamed from release 2.8; in order to keep installing from binary please use "pip install psycopg2-binary" instead. For details see: <http://initd.org/psycopg/docs/install.html#binary-install-from-pypi>.
web_1  |   """)
web_1  | Traceback (most recent call last):
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
web_1  |     self.connect()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 194, in connect
web_1  |     self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py", line 168, in get_new_connection
web_1  |     connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py", line 130, in connect
web_1  |     conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
web_1  | psycopg2.OperationalError: could not connect to server: Connection refused
web_1  |        Is the server running on host "localhost" (127.0.0.1) and accepting
web_1  |        TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
web_1  | could not connect to server: Cannot assign requested address
web_1  |        Is the server running on host "localhost" (::1) and accepting
web_1  |        TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
web_1  |
web_1  |
web_1  | The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
web_1  |
web_1  | Traceback (most recent call last):
web_1  |   File "/code/manage.py", line 15, in <module>
web_1  |     execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
web_1  |     utility.execute()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 365, in execute
web_1  |     self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
web_1  |     self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 335, in execute
web_1  |     output = self.handle(*args, **options)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 79, in handle
web_1  |     executor = MigrationExecutor(connection, self.migration_progress_callback)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 18, in __init__
web_1  |     self.loader = MigrationLoader(self.connection)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 49, in __init__
web_1  |     self.build_graph()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 206, in build_graph
web_1  |     self.applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 61, in applied_migrations
web_1  |     if self.has_table():
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 44, in has_table
web_1  |     return self.Migration._meta.db_table in self.connection.introspection.table_names(self.connection.cursor())
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 255, in cursor
web_1  |     return self._cursor()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 232, in _cursor
web_1  |     self.ensure_connection()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
web_1  |     self.connect()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
web_1  |     raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
web_1  |     self.connect()
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 194, in connect
web_1  |     self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py", line 168, in get_new_connection
web_1  |     connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
web_1  |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py", line 130, in connect
web_1  |     conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
web_1  | django.db.utils.OperationalError: could not connect to server: Connection refused
web_1  |        Is the server running on host "localhost" (127.0.0.1) and accepting
web_1  |        TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
web_1  | could not connect to server: Cannot assign requested address
web_1  |        Is the server running on host "localhost" (::1) and accepting
web_1  |        TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
web_1  |
locallibrary_web_1 exited with code 1

我的docker-compose.yml 如下所示。 

version: '3'

services:
  db:
    image: postgres:10.1
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data/
  web:
    build: .
    command: bash -c "python /code/manage.py migrate --noinput && python /code/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.$
    volumes:
      - .:/code
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    depends_on:
      - db

volumes:
  postgres_data:

我的 settings.py 看起来像这样

if 'RDS_DB_NAME' in os.environ:
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
            'NAME': os.environ['RDS_DB_NAME'],
            'USER': os.environ['RDS_USERNAME'],
            'PASSWORD': os.environ['RDS_PASSWORD'],
            'HOST': os.environ['RDS_HOSTNAME'],
            'PORT': os.environ['RDS_PORT'],
        }
    }
else:
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
            'NAME': 'db1',
            'USER': 'rdeng',
            'PASSWORD': 'walterfedy',
            'HOST': 'localhost',
            'PORT': '5432',
        }
    }

我怀疑这是因为端口号错误，但我正在遵循教程并完全按照他们的步骤进行操作，所以我不确定我做错了什么。非常感谢任何帮助。

【问题讨论】：

  • 确保通过 env_files 或环境直接在 docker-compose 中将 env 变量添加到 Web 容器中
  • @juliansalas 感谢回复，当我添加 ports: - "5432:5432" environment: - POSTGRES_USER=test - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=test - POSTGRES_DB=test_db 这样的环境变量时，我收到了这样的错误 for aa50c14aef4c_locallibrary_db_1 Cannot create container for service db: Duplicate mount point: /var/lib/postgresql/data
  • 解决重复挂载的简单方法是在没有数据的情况下删除您的卷，尝试使用docker volume ls列出卷，然后复制卷名并使用docker volume rm volume name删除它
  • @juliansalas 再次感谢这实际上是我一开始尝试的但后来它给了我这个Error starting userland proxy: Bind for 0.0.0.0:5432 failed: port is already allocated :(((

标签： django postgresql docker


【解决方案1】：

数据库主机不再是localhost。但是您可以通过 env 提供它。请将这些行添加到 docker-compose.yml 中的web：

web:
  env:
    RDS_DB_NAME=<your db name>
    RDS_HOSTNAME=db
    RDS_DB_NAME=...
    ...

您也可以通过文件提供它们：

web:
  env_file:
    - web-variables.env

【讨论】：

  • 感谢您的回复，在我将这些添加到我的docker-compose.yml 文件并再次运行 docker-compose up 后，它抛出了此错误，for aa50c14aef4c_locallibrary_db_1 Cannot create container for service db: Duplicate mount point: /var/lib/postgresql/data 任何见解？
  • 尝试停止并删除以前的数据库服务，因为这可能是这里的问题
  • @trust512 我真的是 docker 和 postgresql 的新手，能否请您说明一下如何执行此操作并清除 postgres_data 文件夹？
  • 首先关闭所有容器：docker-compose down。然后删除 db 容器：docker-compose rm db。 postgres_data 文件夹是您主机上的一个文件夹。它应该与您的 docker-compose.yml 文件位于同一文件夹中。 rm -r postgres_data 终于又打电话给docker-compose了
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