纯Javascript中的AJAX发布实现[重复]

Question

在纯 Javascript 中是否有任何 AJAX Post 实现（可能使用 xmlhttprequest）？

例如，如果我有这样的表格：

<form action="request.php" id="register_form">
  <input type="text" name="first_name" placeholder="First Name">
  <input type="text" name="last_name" placeholder="LastName">
  <input type="submit" value="submit_now">
</form>

这是我在 jQuery 中的 AJAX 实现

$('#register_form').submit(function(e) {

var postData = $(this).serializeArray();
var formURL = $(this).attr("action");

/* start ajax submission process */
$.ajax({
    url: formURL,
    type: "POST",
    data: postData,
    success: function(data, textStatus, jqXHR) {
        alert('Success!');
    },
    error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
        alert('Error occurred!');
    }

});

e.preventDefault(); //STOP default action

/* ends ajax submission process */

});

我可以不使用 jQuery 做同样的事情吗？如果可能，如何将上述 jQuery 代码实现为纯/纯 Javascript 代码？

Answer 1

是的，当然这是可能的:)

<form action="request.php" id="register_form">
  <input class='formVal' type="text" name="first_name" placeholder="First Name">
  <input class='formVal' type="text" name="last_name" placeholder="LastName">
  <input type="submit" value="submit_now" onclick="myFunction(); return false;">
</form>

JS

function myFunction()
{
    var elements = document.getElementsByClassName("formVal");
    var formData = new FormData(); 
    for(var i=0; i<elements.length; i++)
    {
        formData.append(elements[i].name, elements[i].value);
    }
    var xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
        xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = function()
        {
            if(xmlHttp.readyState == 4 && xmlHttp.status == 200)
            {
                alert(xmlHttp.responseText);
            }
        }
        xmlHttp.open("post", "server.php"); 
        xmlHttp.send(formData); 
}

server.php

<?php
   $firstName = $_POST["first_name"];
   $lastName = $_POST["last_name"];
   echo $firstName." ".$lastName;
   //enter name and lastname into your form and onclick they will be alerted 
?>

解释： 函数通过类名获取表单元素并将它们存储在数组中。然后我们创建 FormData 对象并循环遍历每个元素的元素数组，并将它们的名称和值附加到 FormData 对象。 之后，我们创建 XMLHttpRequest() 对象来监控请求期间的状态和状态变化，并使用 post 方法将数据发送到 server.php 当它结束并且readystate等于4并且status等于200时，我们警告来自server.php的响应，我们保存在XMLHttpRequest对象的responseText属性中。

Answer 2

当然，您可以使用Ajax only Reqwest lib。

类似：

reqwest({
    url: 'path/to/json'
  , type: 'json'
  , method: 'post'
  , error: function (err) { }
  , success: function (resp) {
      qwery('#content').html(resp.content)
    }
})

根据他们的自述文件，您可以使用：

$(form).serialize()

Answer 3

是的。

正如你所说，它适用于XMLHttpRequest。

var http = new XMLHttpRequest();
var postData = serialize(arr);
var params = "postdata=" + postData;
http.open("POST", url, true);
http.send(params);

对于序列化函数是 JS 参见this page。

function serialize(mixed_value) {
  //  discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/serialize/
  // original by: Arpad Ray (mailto:arpad@php.net)
  // improved by: Dino
  // improved by: Le Torbi (http://www.letorbi.de/)
  // improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net/)
  // bugfixed by: Andrej Pavlovic
  // bugfixed by: Garagoth
  // bugfixed by: Russell Walker (http://www.nbill.co.uk/)
  // bugfixed by: Jamie Beck (http://www.terabit.ca/)
  // bugfixed by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net/)
  // bugfixed by: Ben (http://benblume.co.uk/)
  //    input by: DtTvB (http://dt.in.th/2008-09-16.string-length-in-bytes.html)
  //    input by: Martin (http://www.erlenwiese.de/)
  //        note: We feel the main purpose of this function should be to ease the transport of data between php & js
  //        note: Aiming for PHP-compatibility, we have to translate objects to arrays
  //   example 1: serialize(['Kevin', 'van', 'Zonneveld']);
  //   returns 1: 'a:3:{i:0;s:5:"Kevin";i:1;s:3:"van";i:2;s:9:"Zonneveld";}'
  //   example 2: serialize({firstName: 'Kevin', midName: 'van', surName: 'Zonneveld'});
  //   returns 2: 'a:3:{s:9:"firstName";s:5:"Kevin";s:7:"midName";s:3:"van";s:7:"surName";s:9:"Zonneveld";}'

  var val, key, okey,
    ktype = '',
    vals = '',
    count = 0,
    _utf8Size = function (str) {
      var size = 0,
        i = 0,
        l = str.length,
        code = '';
      for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
        code = str.charCodeAt(i);
        if (code < 0x0080) {
          size += 1;
        } else if (code < 0x0800) {
          size += 2;
        } else {
          size += 3;
        }
      }
      return size;
    },
  _getType = function (inp) {
    var match, key, cons, types, type = typeof inp;

    if (type === 'object' && !inp) {
      return 'null';
    }

    if (type === 'object') {
      if (!inp.constructor) {
        return 'object';
      }
      cons = inp.constructor.toString();
      match = cons.match(/(\w+)\(/);
      if (match) {
        cons = match[1].toLowerCase();
      }
      types = ['boolean', 'number', 'string', 'array'];
      for (key in types) {
        if (cons == types[key]) {
          type = types[key];
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    return type;
  },
  type = _getType(mixed_value);

  switch (type) {
  case 'function':
    val = '';
    break;
  case 'boolean':
    val = 'b:' + (mixed_value ? '1' : '0');
    break;
  case 'number':
    val = (Math.round(mixed_value) == mixed_value ? 'i' : 'd') + ':' + mixed_value;
    break;
  case 'string':
    val = 's:' + _utf8Size(mixed_value) + ':"' + mixed_value + '"';
    break;
  case 'array':
  case 'object':
    val = 'a';
    /*
        if (type === 'object') {
          var objname = mixed_value.constructor.toString().match(/(\w+)\(\)/);
          if (objname == undefined) {
            return;
          }
          objname[1] = this.serialize(objname[1]);
          val = 'O' + objname[1].substring(1, objname[1].length - 1);
        }
        */

    for (key in mixed_value) {
      if (mixed_value.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
        ktype = _getType(mixed_value[key]);
        if (ktype === 'function') {
          continue;
        }

        okey = (key.match(/^[0-9]+$/) ? parseInt(key, 10) : key);
        vals += this.serialize(okey) + this.serialize(mixed_value[key]);
        count++;
      }
    }
    val += ':' + count + ':{' + vals + '}';
    break;
  case 'undefined':
    // Fall-through
  default:
    // if the JS object has a property which contains a null value, the string cannot be unserialized by PHP
    val = 'N';
    break;
  }
  if (type !== 'object' && type !== 'array') {
    val += ';';
  }
  return val;
}