Django WSGI 部署。没有名为“_sqlite3”的模块答案

【问题标题】：Django WSGI deployment. No module named '_sqlite3'Django WSGI 部署。没有名为“_sqlite3”的模块
【发布时间】：2015-08-26 01:03:31
【问题描述】：

我尝试在 Django 1.8 和 Apache mod_wsgi (python 3.4.3, ubuntu 14.04) 下部署 Django 应用程序

我已经通过 import (Django WSGI deployment. cannot import name 'SimpleCookie') 解决了之前的错误，但后来我遇到了另一个错误：

Error loading either pysqlite2 or sqlite3 modules (tried in that order): No module named '_sqlite3'

这里是更大的错误日志：

[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.021939 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1448, in exec_module
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.021960 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.022198 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 41, in <module>
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.022207 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]     class Permission(models.Model):
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.022760 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 139, in __new__
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.022770 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]     new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.022807 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 324, in add_to_class
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.022814 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]     value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023151 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 250, in contribute_to_class
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023161 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]     self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023296 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 36, in __getattr__
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023304 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]     return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023514 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 240, in __getitem__
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023558 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]     backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023603 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023610 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]     return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023642 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023649 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]     return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023669 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2231, in _gcd_import
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023690 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2214, in _find_and_load
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023711 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2203, in _find_and_load_unlocked
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023732 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023752 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023773 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1448, in exec_module
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023793 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023826 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]   File "/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 36, in <module>
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023833 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780]     raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading either pysqlite2 or sqlite3 modules (tried in that order): %s" % exc)
[Wed Jun 10 18:33:44.023862 2015] [:error] [pid 19282:tid 140071189554944] [client 192.168.1.1:16780] django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading either pysqlite2 or sqlite3 modules (tried in that order): No module named '_sqlite3'

运行开发服务器时不会出现错误。在 virtualenv cp 中的 python 解释器中运行时也没有错误

>>>import sqlite3

我的 wsgi.py 文件是：

import os, sys, site

sys.path.insert(0,'/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp/lib/python3.4/site-packages')
sys.path.insert(0,'/var/www/django_projects/cp')
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'mysite.settings'

exec(open("/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp/bin/activate_this.py").read())

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()

这是该站点的 Apache 虚拟主机配置文件：

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName cp.mysite.com
    WSGIDaemonProcess cp user=www-data group=www-data threads=5
    WSGIApplicationGroup cp
    WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/django_projects/cp/mysite/wsgi.py

    <Directory /var/www/django_projects/cp/mysite>
        <Files wsgi.py>
            Require all granted
        </Files>
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog    /var/www/errlogs/cperror.log
</VirtualHost>

【问题讨论】：

您这样做的方式可能不是最好的。在sys.path 中插入一些东西是一种反模式。使用exec() 执行脚本也是如此。您可以制作一个脚本（bash 或其他）来准备您的环境以启动服务器。激活您venv 并在该文件中设置设置模块。如果你愿意，我可以提供一个例子。
我会很感激的。我正在使用我在其他示例中看到的内容，我很奇怪这个特定站点无法运行。
我为你做了一个要点。请注意，我不是bash 专家。 gist.github.com/sobolevn/c99122979654522d4dca
Spasibo :) 我会检查一下。
你确定 libapache2-mod-wsgi-py 不适用于 Python 3.3。通过尝试检查：code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/…code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/…

标签： django mod-wsgi django-wsgi

【解决方案1】：

最后，在简单的 wsgi.py 的帮助下进行调试后（感谢 @GrahamDumpleton 的 link），我发现生成的 sys.path 不太干净。

所以我手动更改了 wsgi.py 中的 sys.path，将它从 virtualenv cp 中启动的 python 中获取，然后在 wsgi.py 开始时将项目目录添加到此列表中：

import os, sys

virtual_env = '/var/www/.virtualenvs/cp'    
sys.path=['%s/lib/python34.zip' % (virtual_env,), 
          '%s/lib/python3.4' % (virtual_env,), 
          '%s/lib/python3.4/plat-linux' % (virtual_env,), 
          '%s/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload' % (virtual_env,), 
          '%s/lib/python3.4/site-packages' % (virtual_env,),
          #'/var/www/python/3.4.3/lib/python3.4', 

          ]
sys.path.insert(0,'/var/www/django_projects/cp')

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'mysite.settings'

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()

这可能不是“最佳实践”解决方案，但它确实消除了神奇的功能，并且对于像我这样的新用户来说易于理解和重复:)

【讨论】：