异步需要 AsyncTestZoneSpec - Angular

Question

该应用程序是基于Angular v4 构建的，并且直到现在都随着每个版本逐渐更新。目前我们在Angular v7 上，最终CEO 同意编写单元测试，而以前不是这样。

我刚刚创建了一个简单的规范来开始测试并开始在整个项目中实施它，但是由于以下错误而卡住了两天：

async() 测试助手需要 AsyncTestZoneSpec，但找不到。请确保您的环境包含 zone.js/dist/async->test.js

在搜索上述错误时，我找到了一些答案，但这些答案与 Wallaybyjs 有关，但与 Angular 相关。

我已尝试通过全新安装的 angular 项目重现该问题，但实际上无法重现。这可能是在 Angular 7 上运行测试所需的一些依赖项缺失的问题。

以下是test.ts 文件：

// This file is required by karma.conf.js and loads recursively all the .spec and framework files

import 'zone.js/dist/long-stack-trace-zone';
import 'zone.js/dist/proxy.js';
import 'zone.js/dist/sync-test';
import 'zone.js/dist/jasmine-patch';
import 'zone.js/dist/async-test';
import 'zone.js/dist/fake-async-test';
import { getTestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import {
  BrowserDynamicTestingModule,
  platformBrowserDynamicTesting
} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing';

// Unfortunately there's no typing for the `__karma__` variable. Just declare it as any.
declare const __karma__: any;
declare const require: any;

// Prevent Karma from running prematurely.
__karma__.loaded = function () {};

// First, initialize the Angular testing environment.
getTestBed().initTestEnvironment(
  BrowserDynamicTestingModule,
  platformBrowserDynamicTesting()
);
// Then we find all the tests.
const context = require.context('./', true, /\.spec\.ts$/);
// And load the modules.
context.keys().map(context);
// Finally, start Karma to run the tests.
__karma__.start();

和Package.json:

{
    "name": "frontend",
    "version": "0.1.2-7",
    "appVersion": "2.104",
    "license": "MIT",
    "scripts": {
        "ng": "ng",
        "start": "ng serve",
        "build": "ng build",
        "test": "ng test",
        "lint": "ng lint",
        "e2e": "ng e2e",
        "build-staging": "bash build-staging.sh",
        "build-production": "bash build-production.sh",
        "compodoc": "npx compodoc -p src/tsconfig.app.json"
    },
    "private": true,
    "dependencies": {
        "@angular-devkit/build-angular": "^0.13.9",
        "@angular/animations": "7.0.3",
        "@angular/common": "7.0.3",
        "@angular/compiler": "7.0.3",
        "@angular/core": "7.0.3",
        "@angular/forms": "7.0.3",
        "@angular/http": "7.0.3",
        "@angular/platform-browser": "7.0.3",
        "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "7.0.3",
        "@angular/router": "7.0.3",
        "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^5.9.0",
        "@mobiscroll/angular": "^4.7.3",
        "@ng-bootstrap/ng-bootstrap": "^4.2.1",
        "@ngx-translate/core": "^11.0.1",
        "@ngx-translate/http-loader": "^4.0.0",
        "angular2-virtual-scroll": "^0.4.16",
        "core-js": "^2.6.9",
        "moment": "^2.22.2",
        "ng-block-ui": "^2.1.5",
        "ng2-charts": "^1.6.0",
        "ngx-infinite-scroll": "^7.2.0",
        "ngx-lazy-load-images": "^1.3.1",
        "rxjs": "^6.5.2",
        "rxjs-compat": "^6.5.2",
        "zone.js": "^0.8.29"
    },
    "devDependencies": {
        "@angular/cli": "7.0.5",
        "@angular/compiler-cli": "^7.2.15",
        "@angular/language-service": "7.0.3",
        "@compodoc/compodoc": "^1.1.9",
        "@types/jasmine": "^2.8.16",
        "@types/jasminewd2": "~2.0.2",
        "@types/node": "^10.14.10",
        "codelyzer": "^4.4.2",
        "jasmine-core": "~3.3.0",
        "jasmine-spec-reporter": "~4.1.0",
        "karma": "^4.1.0",
        "karma-chrome-launcher": "~2.1.1",
        "karma-cli": "~1.0.1",
        "karma-coverage-istanbul-reporter": "^2.0.5",
        "karma-jasmine": "~1.1.0",
        "karma-jasmine-html-reporter": "^1.4.2",
        "protractor": "^5.4.2",
        "ts-node": "~7.0.1",
        "tslint": "~5.7.0",
        "typescript": "3.1.6"
    }
}

以下是component 规范：

import { async, ComponentFixture, TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';

import { InsuranceComponent } from './insurance.component';
import { CartModule } from '../../cart/cart.module';
import { SharedModule } from '../../shared/shared.module';
import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
import { MbscModule } from '@mobiscroll/angular';
import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { NgbModule } from '@ng-bootstrap/ng-bootstrap';
import { PipeModule } from '../../pipe/pipe.module';
import { InfiniteScrollModule } from 'ngx-infinite-scroll';
import { InsuranceRoutingModule } from '../insurance-routing/insurance-routing.module';
import { InsuranceSearchItemComponent } from '../insurance-search-item/insurance-search-item.component';
// tslint:disable-next-line:max-line-length
import { InsuranceSearchItemDetailsComponent } from '../insurance-search-item/insurance-search-item-details/insurance-search-item-details.component';

describe('Insurance Component', () => {
    let component: InsuranceComponent;
    let fixture: ComponentFixture<InsuranceComponent>;

    beforeEach(async(() => {
        TestBed.configureTestingModule({
            imports: [
                CartModule,
                SharedModule,
                CommonModule,
                MbscModule,
                FormsModule,
                NgbModule,
                PipeModule,
                InfiniteScrollModule,
                InsuranceRoutingModule
            ],
            declarations: [InsuranceComponent, InsuranceSearchItemComponent, InsuranceSearchItemDetailsComponent]
        }).compileComponents();

        fixture = TestBed.createComponent(InsuranceComponent);
        component = fixture.componentInstance;
        fixture.detectChanges();
    }));

    it('should create', () => {
        expect(component).toBeTruthy();
    });
});

任何帮助将不胜感激。 谢谢

Answer 1

我遇到了类似的问题，但使用的是 jest 测试框架。

删除所有karma 和jasmine 相关内容并安装jest 相关人员后，您可能会遇到类似的错误

    zone-testing.js is needed for the async() test helper but could not be found.
        Please make sure that your environment includes zone.js/dist/zone-testing.js

这是我的setup-jest.ts 文件

import 'jest-preset-angular';
import 'jest-extended';

当我将文件setup-jest.ts 中的一个导入更改为此

import 'jest-preset-angular/setup-jest';
import 'jest-extended';

现在一切正常。

Answer 2

我在使用旁观者测试框架时遇到了同样的问题。

解决方案是，在观众导入之前导入 jest-preset-angular。

错误：

import { defineGlobalsInjections } from '@ngneat/spectator';
import 'jest-preset-angular';

正确：

import 'jest-preset-angular';
import { defineGlobalsInjections } from '@ngneat/spectator';

Answer 3

我使用这个命令只是为了测试一个文件：

ng test --include somecomponent.spec.ts

正如@clean-code 所述，您将遇到--main 选项的问题。

Answer 4

Angular 11 升级后我收到此错误。

此行必须是 test.ts 中的第一行，在所有其他导入之前：

import 'zone.js/dist/zone-testing'; // zone-testing needs to be first import!

Answer 5

以下命令可能已被弃用：

ng test --main somecomponent.spec.ts

改为：

ng test

要仅运行特定的 spec 而不是 all，请在 describe 和 it 块前加上 f：

fdescribe('whatever', () => {})

Answer 6

要使用 async() 功能，您需要导入 zone-testing。 尝试将 zone-testing 包导入您的 test.ts 文件。

import 'zone.js/dist/zone-testing'

Refer this link - Angular Documentation