C# WCF System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException：无法识别的元素“ManagedService”答案

【问题标题】：C# WCF System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException: Unrecognized element 'ManagedService'C# WCF System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException：无法识别的元素“ManagedService”
【发布时间】：2023-03-15 06:49:01
【问题描述】：

在 WCF 应用程序中，我有一些自定义配置类用于app.config。但是，我从 WCF 服务主机获得了以下堆栈跟踪（它尝试在 WCF 服务的构造函数中检索自定义配置）：

System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException：已抛出异常通过调用的目标。 ---> System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException：无法识别元素“托管服务”。（Service.dll.config 第 8 行）在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.EvaluateOne（字符串 [] 键、SectionInput 输入、布尔 isTrusted、FactoryRecord factoryRecord, SectionRecord sectionRecord, Object parentResult) 在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.Evaluate(FactoryRecord factoryRecord, SectionRecord sectionRecord, Object parentResult, Boolean getLkg, Boolean getRuntimeObject, Object& 结果, Object& 结果运行时间对象）在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSectionRecursive（字符串 configKey, Boolean getLkg, Boolean checkPermission, Boolean getRuntimeObject、布尔型 requestIsHere、Object& 结果、Object& 结果运行时间对象）在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSectionRecursive（字符串 configKey, Boolean getLkg, Boolean checkPermission, Boolean getRuntimeObject、布尔型 requestIsHere、Object& 结果、Object& 结果运行时间对象）在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSectionRecursive（字符串 configKey, Boolean getLkg, Boolean checkPermission, Boolean getRuntimeObject、布尔型 requestIsHere、Object& 结果、Object& 结果运行时间对象）在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSection（字符串配置密钥）在 System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.GetSection（字符串 sectionName) 在 ManagementService..ctor() 中 ManagementService.cs:line 42 --- 内部异常堆栈跟踪结束 --- 在 System.RuntimeMethodHandle._InvokeConstructor(IRuntimeMethodInfo 方法、Object[] 参数、SignatureStruct& 签名、RuntimeType 声明类型）在 System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo.Invoke（BindingFlags invokeAttr、Binder binder、Object[] 参数、CultureInfo 文化）
在 System.ServiceModel.Description.ServiceDescription.CreateImplementation（类型服务类型）在 System.ServiceModel.Description.ServiceDescription.GetService（类型服务类型）在 System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost.CreateDescription(IDictionary`2& 实施合同）在 System.ServiceModel.ServiceHostBase.InitializeDescription（UriSchemeKeyedCollection baseAddresses) 在 System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost..ctor(Type serviceType, Uri[] baseAddresses) 在 Microsoft.Tools.SvcHost.ServiceHostHelper.CreateServiceHost（类型类型， ServiceKind 种类）在 Microsoft.Tools.SvcHost.ServiceHostHelper.OpenService（ServiceInfo 信息）System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException：无法识别元素“托管服务”。（Service.dll.config 第 8 行）在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.EvaluateOne（字符串 [] 键、SectionInput 输入、布尔 isTrusted、FactoryRecord factoryRecord, SectionRecord sectionRecord, Object parentResult) 在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.Evaluate(FactoryRecord factoryRecord, SectionRecord sectionRecord, Object parentResult, Boolean getLkg, Boolean getRuntimeObject, Object& 结果, Object& 结果运行时间对象）在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSectionRecursive（字符串 configKey, Boolean getLkg, Boolean checkPermission, Boolean getRuntimeObject、布尔型 requestIsHere、Object& 结果、Object& 结果运行时间对象）在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSectionRecursive（字符串 configKey, Boolean getLkg, Boolean checkPermission, Boolean getRuntimeObject、布尔型 requestIsHere、Object& 结果、Object& 结果运行时间对象）在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSectionRecursive（字符串 configKey, Boolean getLkg, Boolean checkPermission, Boolean getRuntimeObject、布尔型 requestIsHere、Object& 结果、Object& 结果运行时间对象）在 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSection（字符串配置密钥）在 System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.GetSection（字符串 sectionName) 在 ManagementService..ctor() 中 ManagementService.cs:第 42 行

（对不起，讨厌的堆栈跟踪）。

我在这里查看了大量关于此错误的教程和其他问题，但没有任何建议或解决方案出现在任何地方。

这是app.config的相关部分

<configSections>
     <section name="ManagedServices" type="Service.Configuration.ManagedServicesSection, Service, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral " allowLocation="true" allowDefinition="Everywhere" restartOnExternalChanges="false" />
</configSections>
  <ManagedServices>
     <services>
        <ManagedService serviceAssembly="Service" serviceType="Service.Runnables.HostManagerRunner" identifier="HostManager" priority="0">
           <clear />
        </ManagedService>
        <ManagedService serviceAssembly="Service" serviceType="Service.Runnables.TimeoutMonitor" identifier="TimeoutMonitor" priority="0">
           <add key="timeoutLength" value="30" />
           <add key="runInterval" value="30" />
        </ManagedService>
     </services>
  </ManagedServices>

基本上，此 WCF 服务用于管理在启动时动态加载和启动（通过此配置通知）的其他服务。

<ManagedServices> 来自 ManagedServicesSection，它继承自 ConfigurationSection

public class ManagedServicesSection : ConfigurationSection
{

  [ConfigurationProperty("services", IsDefaultCollection = true)]
  public ManagedServiceCollection ServiceCollection
  {
     get { return (ManagedServiceCollection) base["services"]; }
  }

}

从这里可以看出，<services> 是一个MangedServiceCollection，它继承自ConfigurationElementCollection

public class ManagedServiceCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
{

  public ManagedServiceCollection()
  {
  }

  public override ConfigurationElementCollectionType CollectionType
  {
     get
     {
        return ConfigurationElementCollectionType.BasicMap;
     }
  }

  public ManagedService this[int index]
  {
     get { return BaseGet(index) as ManagedService; }
     set
     {
        if (BaseGet(index) != null)
           BaseRemoveAt(index);

        BaseAdd(index, value);
     }
  }

  public ManagedService this[string name]
  {
     get { return BaseGet(name) as ManagedService; }
     set 
     { 
        if (BaseGet(name) != null)
           BaseRemove(name);

        BaseAdd(value);
     }
  }

  protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
  {
     return new ManagedService();
  }

  protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
  {
     return ((ManagedService)element).Identifier;
  }
}

此集合包含继承自 ConfigurationElement 的 ManagedServices：

public class ManagedService : ConfigurationElement
{
  [ConfigurationProperty("serviceAssembly", IsRequired = true)]
  public string ServiceAssembly
  {
     get { return (string) this["serviceAssembly"]; }
     set { this["serviceAssembly"] = value; }
  }

  [ConfigurationProperty("serviceType", DefaultValue = "IRunnable", IsRequired = true)]
  public string ServiceType 
  { 
     get { return (string) this["serviceType"]; }
     set { this["serviceType"] = value; }
  }

  [ConfigurationProperty("identifier", IsRequired = true, IsKey = true)]
  public string Identifier
  {
     get { return (string) this["identifier"]; }
     set { this["identifier"] = value; }
  }


  [ConfigurationProperty("priority", DefaultValue = 0, IsRequired = false)]
  public int Priority
  {
     get { return (int) this["priority"]; }
     set { this["priority"] = value; }
  }

  [ConfigurationProperty("serviceParameters", IsDefaultCollection = true)]
  public ServiceParameterCollection ServiceParameters
  {
     get { return (ServiceParameterCollection)base["serviceParamters"]; }
  }
}

这段代码在pastie.org/private/jkiylqsrklpcdbtfdrajq 中可能更容易查看

【问题讨论】：

标签： c# exception configuration

【解决方案1】：

我无法编译您的示例，缺少 ServiceParameterCollection...所以我已经为您准备了我的工作示例。来了……

首先让我们创建配置类，注意 AddItemName ConfigurationCollection 参数（我认为这是您的代码中缺少的）：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Configuration;

namespace GP.Solutions.WF.DocumentProvider.Entities.SharePoint
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Base SharePoint 2010 provider contiguration
    /// </summary>
    [Serializable]
    public class SharePoint2010Settings : ConfigurationSection
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// DocumentStorageRoot
        /// </summary>
        [ConfigurationProperty("SiteUrl", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = "")]
        public string SiteUrl
        {
            get { return (string)base["SiteUrl"]; }
            set { base["SiteUrl"] = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// TitleProperty
        /// </summary>
        [ConfigurationProperty("TitleProperty", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = "Title")]
        public string TitleProperty
        {
            get { return (string)base["TitleProperty"]; }
            set { base["TitleProperty"] = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ProvideFileAsLink
        /// </summary>
        [ConfigurationProperty("ProvideFileAsLink", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = true)]
        public bool ProvideFileAsLink
        {
            get { return (bool)base["ProvideFileAsLink"]; }
            set { base["ProvideFileAsLink"] = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// DocumentCategories
        /// </summary>
        [ConfigurationProperty("DocumentCategories")]
        public SharePointDocumentCategoryCollection DocumentCategories
        {
            get { return (SharePointDocumentCategoryCollection)base["DocumentCategories"]; }
            set { base["DocumentCategories"] = value; }
        }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Configuration element that holds SharePointDocumentCategory collection
    /// </summary>
    [ConfigurationCollection(typeof(SharePointDocumentCategory), AddItemName = "DocumentCategory", CollectionType = ConfigurationElementCollectionType.BasicMap)]
    public class SharePointDocumentCategoryCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
    {
        protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
        {
            return new SharePointDocumentCategory();
        }

        protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
        {
            return ((SharePointDocumentCategory)element).CategoryName;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Configuration element that holds information for specific document category
    /// </summary>
    [Serializable]
    public class SharePointDocumentCategory: ConfigurationElement
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// CategoryName
        /// </summary>
        [ConfigurationProperty("CategoryName", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = "")]
        public string CategoryName
        {
            get { return (string)base["CategoryName"]; }
            set { base["CategoryName"] = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// FolderName
        /// </summary>
        [ConfigurationProperty("FolderName", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = "")]
        public string FolderName
        {
            get { return (string)base["FolderName"]; }
            set { base["FolderName"] = value; }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// TitleProperty
        /// </summary>
        [ConfigurationProperty("OverwriteFiles", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = true)]
        public bool OverwriteFiles
        {
            get { return (bool)base["OverwriteFiles"]; }
            set { base["OverwriteFiles"] = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// DocumentCategories
        /// </summary>
        [ConfigurationProperty("CategoryFields")]
        public SharePointCategoryFieldsCollection CategoryFields
        {
            get { return (SharePointCategoryFieldsCollection)base["CategoryFields"]; }
            set { base["CategoryFields"] = value; }
        }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Configuration element that holds SharePointDocumentCategory collection
    /// </summary>
    [ConfigurationCollection(typeof(SharePointDocumentCategory), AddItemName = "CategoryField", CollectionType = ConfigurationElementCollectionType.BasicMap)]
    public class SharePointCategoryFieldsCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
    {
        protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
        {
            return new SharePointCategoryField();
        }

        protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
        {
            return ((SharePointCategoryField)element).FieldName;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Class that determines specific field
    /// </summary>
    [Serializable]
    public class SharePointCategoryField : ConfigurationElement
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// FolderName
        /// </summary>
        [ConfigurationProperty("FieldName", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = "")]
        public string FieldName
        {
            get { return (string)base["FieldName"]; }
            set { base["FieldName"] = value; }
        }
    }

}

这是 web.config 部分：

  <configSections>
    <sectionGroup name="CustomConfiguration">
      <section name="SharePoint2010Section" type="GP.Solutions.WF.DocumentProvider.Entities.SharePoint.SharePoint2010Settings,CustomConfiguration" allowDefinition="Everywhere" allowLocation="true"/>
    </sectionGroup>

  </configSections>

  <CustomConfiguration>

    <SharePoint2010Section SiteUrl="http://server" TitleProperty="Title" ProvideFileAsLink="false">
        <DocumentCategories>

          <DocumentCategory CategoryName="Vhodni računi" FolderName="" OverwriteFiles="true">
            <CategoryFields>
              <CategoryField FieldName="Datum" />
              <CategoryField FieldName="Vrednost" />
            </CategoryFields>
          </DocumentCategory>

          <DocumentCategory CategoryName="Zahtevek za dopust" FolderName="" OverwriteFiles="true">
            <CategoryFields>
              <CategoryField FieldName="Datum od" />
              <CategoryField FieldName="Datum do" />
            </CategoryFields>
          </DocumentCategory>

        </DocumentCategories>
    </SharePoint2010Section>
  </CustomConfiguration>

【讨论】：

有趣的是，我在 MSDN 文档msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2tw134k3.aspx 中看到了这个并尝试了它。 MSDN 页面说在节组中嵌套节元素是可选
另外，当我尝试它时，我得到了一个不同的错误。然后它说No ManagedServices section in configuration
好的，那我们继续前进
我想我可以在这里看到问题...您正在使用集合，但缺少附加属性
我会把我的样本发给你，你可以比较一下