let - constant
var - variable
[Constant vs variable]
[Struct vs Class]
官方文档docs.swift.org说
constant 的值一旦设置就无法更改，而 variable 以后可以设置为不同的值。
这个术语实际上描述了一种重新分配机制
可变性
Mutability - 可变 - 对象的状态可以在创建后改变[About]
引用类型（类）
Swift 的 classes 是 mutable 优先级
var + class
可以重新分配或更改
let + class = 地址常数
它可以不重新分配并且可以更改
值（结构，枚举）
Swift 的struct 可以改变它们的可变性状态：
var + struct = mutable
可以重新分配或更改
let + struct = *immutable = 值常数
它可以不能重新分配或更改
*不可变 - 检查 testStructMutability 测试
实验：
class MyClass {
var varClass: NSMutableString
var varStruct: String
let letClass: NSMutableString
let letStruct: String
init(_ c: NSMutableString, _ s: String) {
varClass = c
varStruct = s
letClass = c
letStruct = s
}
}
struct MyStruct {
var varClass: NSMutableString
var varStruct: String
let letClass: NSMutableString
let letStruct: String
init(_ c: NSMutableString, _ s: String) {
varClass = c
varStruct = s
letClass = c
letStruct = s
}
//mutating function block
func function() {
// varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
// varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
}
mutating func mutatingFunction() {
varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass"
varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct"
}
}
可能的用例
func functionVarLetClassStruct() {
var varMyClass = MyClass("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
varMyClass.varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass"
varMyClass.varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct"
// varMyClass.letClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'letClass' is a 'let' constant
// varMyClass.letStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'letStruct' is a 'let' constant
let letMyClass = MyClass("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
letMyClass.varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass"
letMyClass.varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct"
// letMyClass.letClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'letClass' is a 'let' constant
// letMyClass.letStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'letStruct' is a 'let' constant
var varMyStruct = MyStruct("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
varMyStruct.varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass"
varMyStruct.varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct"
// varMyStruct.letClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'letClass' is a 'let' constant
// varMyStruct.letStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'letStruct' is a 'let' constant
let letMyStruct = MyStruct("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
// letMyStruct.varClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'letMyStruct' is a 'let' constant
// letMyStruct.varStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'letMyStruct' is a 'let' constant
// letMyStruct.letClass = "SECONDARY propertyClass" //Cannot assign to property: 'letClass' is a 'let' constant
// letMyStruct.letStruct = "SECONDARY propertyStruct" //Cannot assign to property: 'letStruct' is a 'let' constant
}
mutating - 改变结构的函数
您可以将结构的方法标记为mutating
- 表示此函数更改内部属性值
- 你只能在
var变量上调用变异函数
- 变异函数完成后结果可见
func testStructMutatingFunc() {
//given
var varMyStruct = MyStruct("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
//when
varMyStruct.mutatingFunction()
//than
XCTAssert(varMyStruct.varClass == "SECONDARY propertyClass" && varMyStruct.varStruct == "SECONDARY propertyStruct")
// It is not possible to call a mutating function on a let variable
let letMyStruct = MyStruct("propertyClass", "propertyStruct")
// letMyStruct.mutatingFunction() //Cannot use mutating member on immutable value: 'letMyStruct' is a 'let' constant
}
inout 在函数内
-
inout 允许您重新分配/修改传递的（原始）值。
- 您只能在
inout 参数中传递var 变量
- 函数完成后结果可见
inout 有下一个流程：
- 在调用函数之前将传递的值复制到复制的值中
- 复制的值在函数完成后赋值给传递的值
//InOut
func functionWithInOutParameter(a: inout MyClass, s: inout MyStruct) {
a = MyClass("SECONDARY propertyClass", "SECONDARY propertyStruct") //<-- assign
s = MyStruct("SECONDARY propertyClass", "SECONDARY propertyStruct") //<-- assign
}
func testInOutParameter() {
//given
var varMyClass = MyClass("PRIMARY propertyClass", "PRIMARY propertyStruct")
var varMyStruct = MyStruct("PRIMARY propertyClass", "PRIMARY propertyStruct")
//when
functionWithInOutParameter(a: &varMyClass, s: &varMyStruct)
//then
XCTAssert(varMyClass.varClass == "SECONDARY propertyClass" && varMyClass.varStruct == "SECONDARY propertyStruct")
XCTAssert(varMyStruct.varClass == "SECONDARY propertyClass" && varMyStruct.varStruct == "SECONDARY propertyStruct")
// It is not possible to pass let into inout parameter
let letMyClass = MyClass("PRIMARY propertyClass", "PRIMARY propertyStruct")
let letMyStruct = MyStruct("PRIMARY propertyClass", "PRIMARY propertyStruct")
// functionWithInOutParameter(a: &letMyClass, s: &letMyStruct) //Cannot pass immutable value as inout argument: 'letMyClass', 'letMyStruct' are 'let' constants
}
*你偷的可以变异let + struct
func testStructMutability() {
//given
let str: NSMutableString = "propertyClass"
let letMyStruct = MyStruct(str, "propertyStruct")
//when
str.append(" SECONDARY")
//then
XCTAssert(letMyStruct.letClass == "propertyClass SECONDARY")
}
尽可能使用let。必要时使用var。
[Mutate structure]