MockBean 在 Spring Boot 集成测试中不起作用

Question

我有 Spring Integration 测试，我试图模拟我的一些 Bean。出于某种原因，尽管我嘲笑了他们，但他们是 NULL。这是代码sn-p：

我想模拟的 Bean

@Component
public class MockWS {

    public String callSoapClient() throws JAXBException{
        return "CallSoapCl";
    }
}

使用 Bean 的类

public class SmDpES2PortImpl implements ES2SmDp {
    @Autowired
    private MockWS mock;

    @Override
    public void es2DownloadProfile(ES2DownloadProfileRequest parameters) {
         try {
            LOG.info("\n\n\n TEST BEAN: " + mock.callSoapClient() + "\n\n");
          }
     }  
}

已模拟 Bean 的 Spring Boot 集成测试

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT)
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
public class ES2SmDpApplicationTests {

    @MockBean(name="mockWS")
    MockWS mockService;

    @Test
    public void test1Es2DownloadProfile_Sucess() throws MalformedURLException, JAXBException, SOAPException {
        when(mockService.callSoapClient()).thenReturn("CallMockCLient");
    }
}

构建执行的输出：TEST BEAN: null

Answer 1

在我的例子中，以下注释组合起作用：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 
@SpringBootTest(classes = { ControllerThatIAmTesting.class }) 
@AutoConfigureMockMvc(addFilters = false) // if using MockMvc object

但是我必须在带有@MockBean 注释的测试类中显式声明我在 ControllerThatIAmTesting 中使用的两个 Autowired 对象 - 否则 Spring 会抱怨它找不到合适的实现 - 顺便说一下，我的接口和它们的实现都在同一个对应包

此外，使用 @WebMvcTest 而不是 @SpringBootTest（其他建议将其作为更具体的场景）导致 Spring 无法从我的 @Configuration 类中找到并初始化其他一些 @Autowired 依赖项。

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Answer 2

你应该模拟一个接口，而不是一个类。此外，SmDpES2PortImpl 必须是 Spring bean。请尝试以下操作：

界面：

public interface IMockWS {

    public String callSoapClient() throws JAXBException;
}

组件类：

@Component
public class MockWS implements IMockWS {

    @Override
    public String callSoapClient() throws JAXBException{
        return "CallSoapCl";
    }
}

服务类：

@Service //Also @Component is a good alternative
public class SmDpES2PortImpl implements ES2SmDp {
    @Autowired
    private IMockWS mock; //Notice that you are wiring an interface

    @Override
    public void es2DownloadProfile(ES2DownloadProfileRequest parameters) {
         try {
            LOG.info("\n\n\n TEST BEAN: " + mock.callSoapClient() + "\n\n");
          }
     }  
}

测试类：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT)
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
public class ES2SmDpApplicationTests {

    @MockBean
    IMockWS mockService; //Again, you are mocking the interface, not the implementing class

    @Test
    public void test1Es2DownloadProfile_Sucess() throws MalformedURLException, JAXBException, SOAPException {
        when(mockService.callSoapClient()).thenReturn("CallMockCLient");
    }
}